question

It is possible in the twentieth century, as it was in earlier periods, to apply one general label to the music of a significant period of time

answer

False

question

Over the course of the twentieth century, which of the following took place?

answer

All

question

Even in this age of increased mass education in music, audiences are actually less prepared than ever before to appreciate the music of their own t

answer

False

question

Post-Romanticism refers to the last stage and aftermath of __________ Romanticism, which was dominant throughout the late nineteenth century.

answer

German

question

Strauss's musical style incorporated all of the following except

answer

an affinity for simple, tuneful melodies

question

a leader of Post-Romantic composers, was strongly influenced by both Romanticism of Wagner and the Classicism of Mozart

answer

Richard Strauss

question

The following were all TRUE of Post-Romantic composers except

answer

they turned to Western, pentatonic scales

question

best known for his powerful symphonies, used a huge orchestra and extensive range of orchestral colo

answer

Gustav Mahler

question

The following were all TRUE of Mahler's music except

answer

he rejected chromaticism and returned to traditional tonality.

question

A late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century musical style that resulted from explorations of the subconscious mind was called

answer

Expressionism

question

A strange and tormented genius whose highly emotional style anticipated Expressionism was the Dutch painter

answer

Van Gogh

question

Expressionistic painters portrayed the frustration, terror, and guilt suffered by humanity.

answer

True

question

Music in which there is no dominance of or momentum toward a tonic pitch, like that written by Schoenberg, is called

answer

atonal

question

In 1912, Schoenberg wrote a __________ called Pierrot Lunaire (The Moonstruck Pierrot).

answer

song cycle

question

Sprechstimme is

answer

a vocal technique using expressive glides from one inexact note to another.

question

A common Expressionistic technique is distortion of images for emotional effect.

answer

True

question

wrote the opera Wozzeck

answer

Alban Berg

question

During the 1860s, a movement began in France that became known as Symbolism in the field of literature and as __________ in painting and music.

answer

Impressionism

question

Symbolist poets and Impressionistic painters and composers sought to achieve the most realistic effects by denying "realism" and expressing the suggestion of an object or idea.

answer

True

question

Symbolist poets dealt with literal meanings and effects of words

answer

False

question

The leader of the Symbolist movement was __________, who used words for their "tone color."

answer

Stephane Mallarme

question

startled the art world with an impressionistic painting of sunrise over water which he entitled Impression: Sunrise

answer

Claude Monet

question

The Impressionists admired and sometimes emulated aspects of Oriental, especially Japanese, art.

answer

True

question

The first and greatest Impressionistic composer was

answer

Claude Debussy

question

Debussy favored the term Impressionism

answer

False

question

Debussy explored all of the following musical influences except

answer

the intense chromaticism of German Romantic music.

question

Debussy used parallel successions of octaves, fifths, and fourths; harmonic techniques that had been forbidden in Western harmony since the advent of the tonal system.

answer

True

question

Debussy's __________, Pelleas et Melisande (1902), is the epitome of Impressionistic art and one of the great masterpieces of twentieth-century music

answer

opera

question

The following were all characteristic of French composer Debussy except

answer

he scrupulously maintained the distinction between major and minor modes

question

an Impressionistic composer, was primarily a classicist who used clearly defined melodic phrases, strong rhythms, and functional harmonies based on traditional key relationships

answer

Maurice Ravel

question

In America, __________ became known as the American Impressionist

answer

Charles Griffes

question

The White Peacock and "Pleasure Dome of Kubla Khan" were written for piano by

answer

Charles Griffes

question

The Primitivist movement in art and music was

answer

adamantly opposed to Romanticism

question

The outstanding Primitivist painter was Frenchman

answer

Paul Gaugin

question

The musical masterpiece of Primitivism, Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring), was written by Russian composer

answer

Igor Stravinsky

question

The Rite of Spring was a revolutionary ballet score about

answer

a brutal human sacrifice to appease primitive gods in pagan Russia.

question

In twentieth-century art, although there has been a significant return to __________ ideals, certain individuals have chosen to express raw emotion to an extent unprecedented in Western history

answer

classical

question

All of the following were artistic styles that reflected the uncertainties and alienation of the early twentieth century except

answer

Experimentalism

question

The outstanding sculptors of the early twentieth century moved away from the exaggerated expression of the late Romantic period and embraced a simpler, more classical style

answer

True

question

The famous and influential twentieth-century school of architecture called the __________ was devoted to the maxim that "form follows function."

answer

Bauhaus

question

The twentieth-century nihilistic movement that expressed a violent and bitter protest against the horrors of World War I was called

answer

Dadaism

question

A viable and lasting twentieth-century movement in literature and painting that juxtaposed the most unlikely images upon one another in an attempt to achieve a "super" realism was called

answer

Surrealism

question

The career of the great painter Pablo Picasso ran parallel to that of the composer Stravinsky in that both

answer

were innovators who returned periodically to the principles of Classicism

question

The painting called Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon) heralded the beginning of __________, one of the most significant movements in twentieth-century art.

answer

Cubism

question

painted by Picasso in 1937, depicts the agony and terror of the Spanish Civil War

answer

Guernica

question

The __________ were so interested in form that they imposed geometric planes upon subjects of every nature, creating an unrealistic, but curiously expressive, style of art.

answer

Cubists

question

All of the following are TRUE of twentieth-century music except

answer

most twentieth-century music lacks creativity and the diversity of new styles and techniques

question

Due to the increased importance of rhythm, timbre, and harmony, melody is absent from most twentieth-century music

answer

False

question

New melodies can be based on major and minor scales, modes, whole tone scales, Eastern scales, and artificial scales.

answer

True

question

Many twentieth-century melodies are __________ in contour, when compared to melodies of the Romantic period.

answer

angular

question

In twentieth-century music, a melody split over several octaves is called

answer

octave displacement

question

Twentieth-century harmony can include a wide variety of harmonies, with chords constructed of intervals of seconds, thirds, fourths, fifths, or a mixture of any of these

answer

True

question

It is the __________ of much twentieth-century music that many listeners find particularly challenging

answer

dissonant harmonies

question

The use of extreme dissonance by some contemporary composers is a logical continuation of a long-established trend in Western music

answer

True

question

The revitalized rhythm of twentieth-century musicians reflects all of the following except

answer

An exploration of "rhytms" created by nature

question

When two or more meters are combined at one time, the technique is called

answer

polymeter

question

Some composers write rhythmic patterns that are so complex they are beyond the capacity of human beings to reproduce and must be "performed" using computers and tape

answer

True

question

The unprecedented interest in sonority and timbre in modern music has led to

answer

new compositions for older instruments such as the harpsichord and lute

question

Interest in the qualities and effects of sound around the middle of the twentieth century led to the invention of the electronic

answer

synthesizer

question

The twentieth-century orchestra is generally __________ than in the Romantic period

answer

smaller

question

In the twentieth century, there has been a strong interest in chamber music of many kinds

answer

True

question

Some twentieth-century composers, inspired by jazz techniques, require instrumentalists to perform __________, expressive slides from one tone to another

answer

glissandos

question

have created new sounds from traditional instruments by playing upon unusual parts, such as the strings of the piano or the bridge of the violin

answer

Experimentalists

question

The twentieth century has witnessed a renewed appreciation for __________ texture

answer

polyphonic

question

The return to classical interests has led many composers to rely upon principles of __________ music

answer

absolute

question

When the form of a composition is dependent upon the circumstances of each performance it is said to

answer

indeterminate

question

A new music called ________ profoundly affected evolutionary and revolutionary musicians on both sides of the Atlantic

answer

jazz

question

During the twentieth century, the most influential development was __________ twelve-tone technique, which many composers have adapted to their own personal styles of composition

answer

Arnold Schoenberg

question

The twelve-tone technique was actually a logical extension of the extreme __________ used by Wagner in Tristan und Isolde.

answer

chromaticism

question

Schoenberg devised the twelve-tone technique as a means of replacing tonal relationships with an even more highly structured system of organization

answer

True

question

In the twelve-tone method of composition, all twelve notes within an octave are

answer

arranged into a series, or row that forms the basis of the work

question

According to the twelve-tone technique, a twelve-tone row can undergo any of these techniques except

answer

random sampling

question

In his early work Pierrot Lunaire, Schoenberg broke the boundaries of tradition by employing unusual techniques such as

answer

all of the above

question

After 1905, each of the following characteristics could be found in Schoenberg's music except

answer

pieces suited for relatively large ensembles

question

All of the following applies to Anton Webern except

answer

he felt that Schoenberg had gone too far away from traditional tonality

question

Webern's distinct separation of sounds is reminiscent of the visual technique called

answer

pointillism

question

Although he mastered Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, __________ illustrated his romantic inclinations in his writing; his work is more lyrical than either Schoenberg's or Webern's

answer

Alban Berg

question

The revolutionaries who have radically altered not only the traditional methods of composing and presenting music, but also the very concept of what constitutes music as opposed to noise are called

answer

Experimentalists

question

The Experimentalist composers are united by their

answer

curiosity about and creativity toward sound and music

question

The center of Experimentalism was

answer

Great Britain

question

An inventive nature, plus an unconventional upbringing, destined __________ to become an Experimentalist who made his living selling insurance

answer

Charles Ives

question

Although Ives wrote challenging music, he enjoyed immediate acceptance from American audiences for most of his works

answer

False

question

Charles Ives wrote provocative essays about important literary figures, including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, and he portrayed some of them musically in his piano composition, the __________ Sonata

answer

Concord

question

The following are all true of Ives's music except

answer

his music produces mostly consonant sounds

question

born in California and reared in an atmosphere that precluded allegiance to musical orthodoxy, loved Oriental music and modal church music, country fiddle tunes, early American hymns, and Irish folk tunes

answer

Henry Cowell

question

In The Tides of Mananaun, Henry Cowell introduced ________, groups of randomly selected notes played with the flat of the hand or the arm

answer

none

question

conducted far-reaching experiments that extended the range of timbres that may be produced by a grand piano

answer

Henry Cowell

question

Henry Cowell's interest in timbre led him to

answer

all

question

who was born in France but immigrated to America, considered a career in engineering before his fascination with sound led him to become a composer instead

answer

Edgard Varese

question

Of all elements of music, __________ most appealed to Edgard Varèse, who was interested in the physics as well as the aesthetics of sound.

answer

timbre

question

Edgard Varèse scrupulously avoided reference to the major or minor scales, preferring a pitch "continuum" containing every gradation of pitch between a given interval to any scale at all

answer

True

question

A definition of musique concrete is music

answer

in which all sounds are considered valid

question

26 INCORRECT An instrument that allows a composer to produce imitative, altered, or original sounds is called a(n)

answer

synthesizer

question

Some composers combined the technological resources of the synthesizer and tape recorder with the mathematical logic of total serialism. The leader of this style of composition is the American composer

answer

Charles Ives

question

Milton Babbitt wrote

answer

Ensembles for Synthesizer

question

Because Babbitt's music was conceived and constructed in the same way as other music, it can be approached in the same way by the listener

answer

False

question

Music that incorporates random choices by either the composer or the performers is called all of the following except, chance, or aleatoric music may be required to choose among many alternatives

answer

serial

question

The word aleatoric is derived from alea, the Latin word for

answer

dice

question

John Cage wrote random music to be "played" by several radios. The title of this composition is

answer

Imaginary Landscape

question

studied composition with three important revolutionaries: Schoenberg, Varèse, and Cowell

answer

John Cage

question

In the 1940s, John Cage devised an economical means of expanding the range of a piano's sound by inventing the __________ piano

answer

prepared

question

John Cage combines the tape recorder with a live vocalist in one of his best-known compositions, Aria and Fontana Mix

answer

True

question

John Cage demonstrated the fact that absolute silence is an absurd concept in the composition 4'33", a piece written for four performers playing thirty-three different instruments

answer

False

question

The typical orchestra of Indonesia, __________ differs from the Western string ensemble in that it consists mostly of percussion instruments, with some wind and string instruments to color the sound

answer

the gamelan

question

Like other innovative composers, __________ derived his "new" ideas from such influential composers as Stravinsky, Webern, and Schoenberg

answer

Pierre Boulez

question

forms the basis for Pierre Boulez's approach to composition

answer

Serialism

question

Rejecting the tone row as the basis for composition, Pierre Boulez prefers a(n) __________ (themeless) style, organized according to the ideals of total serialism

answer

athematic

question

Although __________ was among the most revolutionary of composers, he derives many ideas from older traditions and earlier styles.

answer

Karlheinz Stockhausen

question

One of Stockhausen's most famous scores, __________, is written for three orchestras and involves spatial relationships reminiscent of the Venetians' sixteenth-century polychoral style

answer

Gruppen

question

With three sound generators, Stockhausen produced a combination of sounds called __________, so named because it represented a spectrum of sounds as white includes the spectrum of colors.

answer

white noise

question

The first published electronic music score was Stockhausen's "Electronic Studies" of 1953

answer

True

question

Stockhausen has been involved in all phases of electronic music, including musique concrete, but he avoids combinations of live and taped music

answer

False

question

combines traditional folk elements from his native Poland with various "mainstream" procedures and provocative avant-garde concepts

answer

Karlheinz Stockhausen

question

Penderecki's composition, Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima, concerns itself with the Nazi persecution of Jews in Poland

answer

False

question

The influence of Medieval and other early styles is apparent in much of Penderecki's music

answer

True

Chapter 25-27 – Flashcards

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