Psych Chapter 6 Test – Flashcards
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Form of classical conditioning in which a food comes to be avoided
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taste aversion
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Act of responding in the same way to stimuli that seem similar
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generalization
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Method of overcoming fears by pairing a pleasing stimulus with a feared one
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counterconditioning
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Form of learning based on the consequences of actions
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operant
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When a conditional response stops occurring
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extinction
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Stimulus that causes an automatic response
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unconditioned stimulus
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Stimulus that encourages a behavior by meeting an organism's basic biological needs
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primary reinforcer
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Revival of an extinguished response
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spontaneous recovery
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Something that produces a response is called a _____
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stimulus
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A response that is automatic, or not learned is called a(n) _____
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unconditional response
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The method of _____ involves exposing a person to a harmless stimulus until he or she is no longer afraid of it
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flooding
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A stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response is a(n) _____
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conditioned stimulus
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_____ is the method of teaching complex behaviors by breaking them down into manageable parts
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Shaping
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The form of learning that keeps knowledge hidden until it is needed is called _____
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latent
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A(n) _____ reinforcer is learned and becomes effective by being paired with such reinforcers as food and shelter
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secondary
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A(n) _____ reinforcer increases the frequency of the behavior it follows when it is applied
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positive
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The type of learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates others is called _____
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observational learning
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Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about
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classical conditioning
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A conditional response occurs
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as a result of pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus
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A conditioned response may be extinguished when
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the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned stimulus
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Classical conditioning can be applied to help overcome fears using the method of
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all of the above (flooding, systematic desensitization, counterconditioning)
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Through operant conditioning, people learn to control
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voluntary responses
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The process by which a stimulus increases the changes of a preceding behavior occurring again is called
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reinforcement
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The process of learning to ride a bicycle is an example of
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shaping
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People who watch a lot of violence on television are more likely to be violent in part because of
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observational learning
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An effective method for dealing with a misbehaving elementary-school student is
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positive reinforcement
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In John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's experiment, "Little Albert" began to fear all objects that were white and furry because of
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generalization
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Most psychologists suggest that punishment is not the best way to deal with a problem because it
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all of the above
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Spontaneous recovery can occur
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when the conditioned stimulus starts again
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Primary and secondary reinforcers are important in
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operant conditioning
