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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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Maslow's theory that all humans beings experience the same needs. Basic needs for survival and safety must be met first. 7. Self-actualization needs 6. Aesthetic needs 5. Need to know and understand 4. Esteem needs 3. Belongingness and love needs 2. Safety needs 1. Physiological needs

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Content Standards

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Specific knowledge students should have and skills they should be able to do. Standards help organize and guide teaching and learning in the classroom.

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Teacher Qualifications

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Need to pass a state issued test (ex: Praxis Series) Traditional Path: through university department of education bachelors degree, 5th year program, masters degree Alternative Paths: Teach for America, grow out of specific needs and are developed and coordinated through partnerships among state departments of education.

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Differentiation of Instruction

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Varying instruction based on the needs of students. Approaching instruction in a variety of ways to provide multiple paths for students to both learn the content and develop the skills of the curriculum CONTENT>>PROCESS>>PRODUCT

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Summative Assessment

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A formal assessment of involving JUDGEMENT ABOUT THE SUCCESS OF THE PROCESS or product; most often occurs at the end of a unit or study. (paper and pencil test are the traditonal way. others examples may include completion of project or performance of an authentic task, or one that actually applies the knowledge and skills)

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Student-Teacher Relationship Development

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1.Talking to students before, during, and after class about their interests 2. Greeting students outside of school 3. Singling out a few students at lunch to talk to them 4. Being aware and commenting on important events in students lives 5. Commenting on students achievements in and out of school 6. Including students in the process of planning classroom activities, soliciting there ideas and considering there interests. 7. Meeting students at the door as they come into class, saying hello to each child, making sure to use each students name 8. Classrooms of 15 to 30 students

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Proximity

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The accessibility of teacher to students. Visual access to boards and screens. Teacher needs to be able to approach each student quickly and easily.

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Pre-Reading Strategies

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Brainstorming Group Discussions Concept or Mind Mapping Pre-Questions Visual Aids Advanced Organizers

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Ethical Teacher

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They are guided by a set of beliefs that leads to attitudes and actions focused on whats best for students. Ethical teachers shall: 1. Purposely serve as positive role models for their students 2. Put students best interests ahead of other considerations 3. Involve families often and positively 4. Support colleagues and work collaboratively 5. Create and maintain a productive work environment 6. Diversify instruction to address student differences

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Colonial Schools

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Influenced by European theorist, Puritan religious beliefs, and social customs. 1st established for religious purposes Dame schools- educated women who turned their homes into schools Latin Grammar School-established in Boston for boys who could afford

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Town Schools

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Early american schools established for whole communities; while some schools still limited curriculum to reading, writing, and the classics, specialized schools in the form of academics became popular.

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Organization and Governance of Public Schools

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Principal > Assistant Principal > Support Staff, Teachers, Counselors and Media Specialists.

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Responsibility for Student Learning

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Students are responsible for their own learning. Parents and families share an accountability burden. Few teachers would ever deny they are accountable for student learning. Local school districts and school boards are accountable for student

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Parental Involvement

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Includes welcome letters, classroom newsletter, phone calls, electronic communication or a classroom webpage. This type of involvement is essential and has a great impact on academic success. Don't always call about the bad.

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School Board

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Unique American institutions composed of elected citizens who volunteer their time. Most members are neither parents nor educators and receive little compensation. They are responsible for setting policies that affect the operation of the school. Decide how much money we be spent on teacher salaries, facilities improvement, and instructional materials. They hire and fire. Approve and evaluate programs that may affect some or all schools, teachers, and students within the district. Make curricular decisions within state guidelines, and determine organizational policy.

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Right of Non-Participation

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Right of non-participation students have the right to refuse to participate in some activities. Pledge of allegiance, dancing even if it is part of the PE curriculum, substituted literature for the planned curriculum if they object for religious or other reasons, opt out of certain courses (usually dealing with sexual education) if they and their parents object to content, parents may refuse to follow guidelines that require students to be immunized.

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Categorical Grants

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Money that is allocated or funds that are earmarked for specific purposes.

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Safe and Drug Free Schools Act of 2004

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provides resources to school districts to implement programs and services to prevent violence in schools and drug and substance abuse.

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Guidelines for Teaching Students with Special Needs

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Zero rejec4

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Expulsion

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Semi-permanent or permanent dismissal from school for a semester or for an indefinite period.

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High Expectations

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you should set high expectations for all students regardless of their academic standing. You must set and communicate both behavioral and academic expectations.

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Parent Involvement and Conferences

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Includes welcome letters, classroom newsletter, phone calls, electronic communication or a classroom webpage. This type of involvement is essential and has a great impact on academic success. Don't always call about the bad.

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New England Primer

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First published in 1690 for children in upper elementary and secondary levels. Published for over 150 years with few substantial changes over its lifetime.

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Independent Practice

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Part of the lesson cycle where students are given the opportunity to practice the concept presented. Also known as homework

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Routines

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An expected action that occurs in a given circumstance to accomplish a task efficiently.

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Rubrics

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Assessment tool that makes explicit what is being assessed, lists characteristics of degrees of quality, and provides a rating scale to differentiate among these degrees.

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Urban Schools

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Schools in cities with large downtowns and dense populations.

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Suburban Schools

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Schools in neighborhoods and small-to-medium-size towns that are located on the fringe of cities or are their own district locations.

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Rural Schools

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Schools with fewer than 2,500 people and a minimum of retail stores and services.

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Effective Schools

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Schools that meet the learning needs of the students who attend them.

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Zone of Proximal Development

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The level at which a child can almost, but not completely, grasp a concept or perform a task successfully; theory proposed by Lev Vygotsky.

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Types of Curricula

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null, formal, informal, extracurriculum

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Kindergarten

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German for "children's garden," the school year that precedes first grade.

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Philosophy of Education (definition)

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The 'love of wisdom' regarding teaching that expresses itself in attitudes and actions every day in the classroom.

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Truancy

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Nonattendance during compulsory education, not including excused absences generally granted for health reasons.

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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974

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Commonly called the Buckley Amendment, allows parents and guardians access to their students' academic records and requires written parental permission for the records to be shared with anyone else. When student turns 18, they have control over who sees their records. (FERPA)

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Types of Violence in Schools

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physical fights are the most common form. Verbal abuse, bullying

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Public Domain

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A work is in the public domain if it is more than 75 years old or is published by a government agency; work in the public domain is not protected by copyright.

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No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

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Federal law that holds schools accountable for student learning, regardless of student diversity. States are required to test all students in grades 3-8 annually to determine progress. (NCLB)

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First Amendment

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Guarantees freedom of speech and religion and prohibits government advancement of religion in schools.

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Laws vs. Ethics

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Morally right for yourself vs what is legally right or yourself

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Bullying

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Relationally aggressive behavior; a type of emotional or physical violence where individuals use relationships to harm others.

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Continuing Contract Status

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Also known as tenure. Most districts require teachers to serve successfully for about 3 years before offering them a continuing contract or tenure.

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First Compulsory Education Law in the New World

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Massachusetts Act of 1642 Required all white children to attend school. 1st unfunded mandate.

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Nonverbal Unobtrusive Interventions

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Nonspoken consequences that do not disrupt instruction. Include moving closer to the offending student (proximity), giving a disapproving look, stopping mid sentence for a moment to gain student attention, and making an established gesture.

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Rules and Disciplinary Actions

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The U.S. court system has been clear that schools have the right to administer a variety of punishments based on policy. (Corporal, Exclusionary)

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Extrinsic Incentives

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Incentives that are imposed, or originate outside the individual.

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Objectives

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Concise statement about what students are expected to learn and be able to do as a result of the lesson.

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Types of Assessment

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Performance, alternative, formative and summative

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"Teach to the Test"

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an educational practice where curriculum is heavily focused on preparing students for a standardized test.

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Curriculum (definition)

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The educational term for what students experience in schools.

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Reflective Practitioner

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A teacher who thinks critically about teaching and the consequences of actions or inactions, all with the goal of being more effective with students.

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Public Schools

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Public schools are funded through some form of taxation and are accountable to the community through elected or governmental officials who have policy and oversight responsibilities.

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What was in the New England Primer?

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Spelling guide based on alphabet denoted in brief rhymes. The Lords Prayer. The Apostles Creed. The 10 Commandments. A list of the Books of the Bible. The Puritan Catechism Numbers 1-100.

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