Psychology Random Extra Credit Vocab – Flashcards
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Fluid Intelligence
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Is the ability to solve new problems, to be adaptive to new situations, and to identify patterns. Coined by Raymond Cattell. (This typically decreases with age)
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Crystallized Intelligence
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Ability to use learned knowledge and experience (term also created by Cattell) Used all the time, when learning new things in class like vocab or new math equations. (Increases with age)
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Validity
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Reliability
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Cognition
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Mental activity required in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using knowledge
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The Prefrontal cortex
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Plays a major role in associating complex ideas, making plans, and allocating attention
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Mental Images
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Mental representations of previously stored sensory experiences
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Concept
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A mental representation of a group or category that shares similar characteristics
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Abstract concepts
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Intelligence, honesty, love
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Prototype
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Representation of the "best" or most typical example of a category
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An artificial or formal concept arises from ____
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Logical rules or formal definitions
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Hierarchies
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Creating group subcategories within broader concepts or categories
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When learning a new concept, children are most likely to learn the ____ concept first
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Basic-level
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When you are identifying facts, distinguishing relevant information from irrelevant information you are in the ____ stage of problem solving
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Preparation stage
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Which of the following is a step-by-step procedure that will eventually solve a problem?
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Algorithm stage of problem solving
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Heuristics
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Simple rules used in problem solving that do not guarantee a solution but offer a likely shortcut to it
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The correct sequences of problem solving are
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Preparation, production, and evaluation
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Mental set
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When confronted with a problem, persistence in using strategies that have worked in the past rather than new ones is called
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Functional fixedness
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The tendency to think of an object in the way that is is typically perceived as
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Representative Heuristic
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The representativeness heuristic is used when making judgments about the probability of an event under uncertainty. It is one of a group of heuristics (simple rules governing judgment or decision making) proposed by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in the early 1970s.
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Flexibility
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Being able to shift with ease from one problem-solving strategy to another
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Morpheme
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Smallest, most MEANINGFUL unit of language
