question

Progression of Brain Development

answer

At birth, brain weighs ¾ lb. At 6 months, 1 ½ lbs. At 2 years, 2 ¾ lbs. The brain finishes developing at age 10 (adult sized).

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Neural Sharing

answer

selective elimination of synapses in the brain. Based on repeated experiences

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Synaptogenesis

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rapid development of neural connections or synapses, experiences increase the development of synapses

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Sensitive Periods

answer

a period of developmental time during which certain things are learned more easily than at earlier or later times (language in the first year)

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Cephalocaudal Development

answer

Occurs head to foot

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Proximodistal Development

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Occurs from midline to extremities

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Motor milestones

answer

Look at page 229

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Stage 1 of Sensorimotor cognitive development

answer

Birth to 1 month - Sucking and grasping

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Stage 2 of SCD

answer

1-4 months - modification of reflexive actions, habitual thumb sucking, tracking objects with eyes, moving head toward sounds, primary circular reactions - repetitive actions tat are centered on the infant's own body

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Stage 3 of SCD

answer

4 - 8 months - demonstrates coordination between vision and tactile senses, object permanence, secondary circular reactions - repetitive actions focused on the qualities of objects, imitation becomes increasingly intentional

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Stage 4 of SCD

answer

8 - 12 months - "coordination of secondary schemes"

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Stage 5 of SCD

answer

12 - 18 months - "stage of experimentation", tertiary circular reactions - modifications that infants make in their behavior to explore the effects of those modifications,

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Stage 6 of SCD

answer

18 months to 2 years - transition from sensorimotor to symbolic thought, symbolic representation, symbolic play

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Language Acquisition Device

answer

all children possess a mechanism which permits them to acquire language (hears language and processes grammatical rules)

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Chomsky View on Language development

answer

all children possess a mechanism called a language acquisition device which permits them to acquire language (hears language and processes grammatical rules)

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Lenneberg view on language development

answer

evidence suggests the capacity for speech production and related aspects of LA relate to built - in biological schedules

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Montesorri view on language development

answer

2 sensitive periods, birth to 3 - unconsciously absorb language through the environment, 3 - 8 yrs - active participants

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Baby Signing

answer

teaching babies to use sign or gestures to communicate needs and/or wants

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Holophrasic speech

answer

single word sentences children use to refer to what they see, hear, feel, primarily referential and expressive (motherese or parentese)

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Symbolic representation

answer

(age 2) words are used as mental symbols

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Vocabulary development

answer

(age 2) 50 word vocabulary and two words sentences, beginning of rapid language development

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Telegraphic Speech

answer

two words sentences that express actions and relationships

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Grammatical Morphemes

answer

principal means of changing the meaning of sentences, the order in which children learn morphemes is well documented, orderly and consistent

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Sequence of language development

answer

Baby signing,holophrasic speech, symbolic representation,vocabulary development, telegraphic speech, gramatical morphemes, and negatives.

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Social behaviors in infants

answer

Social relationships begin at birth and are evident in daily interactions. All infants are capable of and benefit from social interactions. Crying - primary social behavior in infancy, attracts caregiver and promotes a social interaction, survival value - alerts caregiver of a need, caregivers must react to infants with enthusiasm, attentiveness, and concern for them as unique persons Imitation - social behavior in infancy, infants have the ability to mimic the facial expressions and gestures of adults

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Difference between bonding and attachment

answer

a parent's initial emotional tie to an infant (B) VS. an enduring tie between a parent/caregiver and an infant that endures over time. (A)

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Secure Attachment

answer

use of parents as a secure base to explore the world around them, activly seek parent when they return from being apart. 65% of infants

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avoidant attachment

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unresponsive and avoidant to parent, not distressed when parent leaves. Do not establish contact with a returning parent, may even avoid. 20% of infants

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Resistant attachment

answer

seek to be attached to parent, cling, and fail to explore. 10-15% of infants.

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Disorganized attachment

answer

demonstrate disorganized and disoriented behavior. approach parent with little or no emotion. 5% of infants

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Temperament

answer

general style of behavior

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3 styles of temperament

answer

easy: positive, regular slow-to-warm: low activity, slow to adapt,negative mood. Difficult: irregular, tense, negative mood

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Reasons for infant health movement

answer

1.Realization that life and education of children is holistic 2.How important relationships are in growth and development based on research 3.New public awareness about how maternal-child relationships and caregiver-child relationships affect mental health 4.Renewed interest in how children are affected by risk factors

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Transitional model approach

answer

emphasis is placed on developing and sustaining positive attachments and relationships between parents, child and caregiver

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Guidelines for preparing environment for infants and toddlers

answer

1.Health and Safety 2.Support Developmental Needs - supportive environments enacle infants to develop basic trust and toddlers to develop autonomy (as toddlers mature mentally and physically they want to do things by themselves with out help 3.Challenging environments (children can explore and interact with a wide variety of materials) 4.Promote respectful social development and interactions 5.Encourage active involvement

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Reasons for preschool popularity

answer

1). Efforts to find quality affordable child care are frustrating (2) More parents in the workforce (3) Help prevent and reduce behavioral and social problems (4) Publicly supported and financed schools ensure no child is excluded (5) Foundation for learning is laid in early years, 3 and 4 year olds are ready willing and able to learn (6) Birth to 5 children develop foundational capabilities on which development builds (7) Provide opportunities for early intervention for children with a disability

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Goals of preschool

answer

(1) Support and develop children's innate capacity for learning (2) Deliver a full range of health, social, economic and academic services to children and families (3) Find solutions for pressing social problems (4) Promote early literacy and math (5) Prepare children to read

question

Characteristicts of physical and motor development in preschoolers

answer

Lost baby fat and taken on leaner, lankier look Slimming down and increasing motor coordination allows more confidence in locomotor activities Grow several inches per preschool year Learning to use and test bodies - locomotion plays large role in motor and development skills Use activities to investigate and explore relationships among themselves, space, and objects Like participating in fine motor activities Programs should provide action and play, proper nutrition and healthy habits of plentiful rest and good hygiene

question

What Erikson stage of development are preschoolers in?

answer

initiative versus guilt

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What are ways to support initiative in preschoolers?

answer

1. Giving children freedom to explore 2. Provide projects that enable discovery and experimentation 3. Encourage and support attempts to plan, make things and be involved

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Self-regulation

answer

ability to control emotions and behaviors, delay gratification and build positive social relations

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Guidelines for teaching self-regulation

answer

(1) Provide a variety of learning experiences (2) Arrange environment to help children do best (3) Get to know each child (4) Set clear limits (5) work with children to establish rules (6) Use home language (7) Coach children to express feelings verbally (8) Model self control by using self talk

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What stage of cognitive development are preschoolers?

answer

Preoperational stage of intelligence

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What characteristicts of preoperational stage of intelligence are preschoolers?

answer

(1) grow in ability to use symbols (2) not capable of operational thinking (3) center on one thought or idea (4) unable to conserve (5) egocentric

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What are ways to promote learning for cognitive development in preschoolers?

answer

1)Provide concrete materials (2) Use hands on activities (3) Give many and varied experiences (4) Model appropriate tasks and behavior (5) Provide a literacy-rich environment to stimulate interest and development of language and literacy (6) Allow children periods of uninterrupted time

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What are the characteristicts of language development in preschoolers?

answer

1.Skills grow and develop rapidly 2.Vocabulary and sentence length increase 3.Add helping verbs and negatives in 3rd year 4.Use noun or subject clauses, conjuctions, and prepositions to complete sentences at 4 and 5 years 5.Development ins diverse and comprehensive and constitutes an impressive ranges of learning 6.Children learn intuitively the rules of language 7.Reading to and with children is one of the best ways to support and enrich their emerging language development

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What is emergent literacy?

answer

Means children's communication skills are in an emerging state

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How is emergent literacy supported?

answer

by reading to and with them and encouraging their participation and modes of response Figure 10.1 Involves writing too

question

What are modes of response?

answer

the various ways children respond to books and conversations

question

Who is responsible for school readiness

answer

childeren, families, eary childhood professionals, communities, states and the nation

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What is expected in school readiness

answer

Health and physical development-physical devop, health status, and physical ability Social and emotional develp- feelings about themselves and others, ability to form relationships, interst and skills needed to maintain relationships Approaches toward learning: curiosity, enjoyment of learning, confidence, creativity, attention, reflection, and interests. Language develop and communic- verbal and nonverbal skills Cognition and general knowledge- basic knowledge about the world and basic problem-solving skills

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What are the readiness skills and what do they include?

answer

Language: most important readiness skill, receptive language (listening to teacher and following directions) expressive language (the ability to talk fluently and articulately with teachers and peers, express oneself in the language of the school, communicate needs and ideas) symbolic language (knowing the names of people, places, and things as well as words for concepts and adjectives and prepositions, knowledge of the letters, vocabulary Independence: the ability to work alone on a task, take care of oneself, and initiate projects without always being told what to do. Includes mastery of self-help skills Impulse Control: includes working cooperatively with others, not hitting or interfering with others work, developing an attention span, and being able to stay seated. Interpersonal Skills: include getting along and working with peers, teachers and other adults, working cooperatively, learning and using basic manners, learning how to learn from others Experiential Background: experiences are the building blocks of knowledge, children can only build on the background information they bring to a new experience Physical and Mental/Emotional Health: must have good nutritional and physical habits, must have positive, nurturing environments and caring professionals to help develop a self-image for achievement

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History of play theory

answer

Froebel built system of schooling on the educational value of play Montessori viewed active involvement with materials and the prepared environment as primary means through which they absorb knowledge and learn John Dewey advocated and supported active learning and believed children learn through play activities based on interest, helps prepare children for adult occupations Piaget believed play promotes cognitive schemes and means by which children construct knowledge Vygotsky viewed social interaction that occurs through play as essential to development, children learn through social interactions the language and social skills that promote and enhance their cognitive development

question

What is considered childrens work?

answer

Children engage in play naturally and enjoy it, do not select play activities because they intentionally set out to learn Play is full of opportunities for learning but no guarantee that children will learn all they need to know through play Providing opportunities to choose among well planned varied learning activities enhances the probability they will learn what they need to know.. (putting blocks in order from smallest to largest)

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Purposes of play

answer

Achieve knowledge, skills and behaviors Learn concepts Develop social skills Develop physical skills Master life situations Practice language processes Develop literacy skills Enhance self-esteem Prepare for adult life and roles

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Kinds of play

answer

Social Play: Children play with others in groups Cognitive Play Informal Play: play in which children play in activities of interest to them, learning is best when it occurs spontaneously, teachers are active participants, enables children to learn many things as they interact with activities, materials and people Sociodramatic Play: two kinds - sociodramatic and fantasy play centers include areas of housekeeping, dress up, occupations, dolls, school, and other situations of interest Outdoor Play: children need to relieve stress and tension through play, promote large - and small-muscle development and body coordination as well as language development, social interaction, and creativity for all children Rough-and-Tumble Play: enable children to learn how to lead and follow, develop physical skills, interact with children in different ways, grow in the abilities to be part of a larger group

question

4 stages of cognitive play

answer

1. Functional play - play involving muscular activities, the only play of the sensorimotor period, characterized by repetitions, manipulations, and self imitation, allows children to practice and learn physical capabilities while exploring the immediate environment 2. Symbolic play - let's pretend stage of play, display creative and physical abilities and social awareness in a number of ways, occurs when children pretend that one object is another, play becomes more elaborate and involved with growth 3. Playing games with rules - begins around 7 or 8, playing within limits and rules, adjust their behavior accordingly, make and follow social agreements 4. Constructive play - play involving the use of modules to build things, represents children's adaptations to problems and their creative acts, characterized by engaging in play activities to construct knowledge of the world

question

Topics of preschool goals

answer

Social and Interpersonal Skills, Self-Help and Intrapersonal Skills, Approaches to Learning, Learning to Learn, Academics, Language and Literacy, Character Education, Music and Art, Wellness and Healthy Living, Independence

question

What is included in the daily schedule of preschool

answer

Should include opening activities, large group meeting and planning, learning centers or play time, bathroom and hand washing, snacks, outdoor time, bathroom and toileting, lunch, relaxation, nap time, and small group time

question

What is transition

answer

A passage from one learning setting, grade or program to another.

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What are ways to make transition easier

answer

1. Prior experience influences the nature and success of their transition, 3 areas are important ( home lives, skills and prior school-related experiences and classroom characteristics)Research findings listed on 290-291 2. Preschool and kindergarten staff can cooperated to work out a transition plan 3. Prepare children and parents as much as possible for what to expect 4. Arrange an actual visit

question

What are the current issues with preschool

answer

Pushing children: revolves around an overemphasis on learning basic skills and expecting young children to behave like older children Access to quality preschools: not enough public preschools and parents can't afford private preschools, not equitably distributed Universal preschool: free and accessible for all Funding preschool programs: different constituencies compete for funding, and questions of priority abound when not enough money is available Future of preschool education: growth for all children to be included will take decades, public schools will focus more on programs for 4 year olds then 3 year olds

question

What are the changes in kindergarten

answer

More challenging and higher levels of learning Emphasize basic skills of reading, math and science More public and private schools and for profit agencies More universal (the availability of kindergarten to children) 65% of 5 year olds up from 20% three decades ago More states are requiring districts to provide kindergarten More are full day 64%

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Who attends kindergarten

answer

In the US kindergarten is for 5 and 6 year olds Parents and professionals support an older than younger entrance age because they think older children are more ready and learn better Many districts require children to be 5 before September 1

question

What are the characteristicts of physical development in kindergarten

answer

Ideal time to involve children in projects of building because they have a desire to be involved in physical activity Learning centers - Areas of the classroom set up to promote student centered, hands on, active learning, organized around students interests, themes, and academic subjects 6 year old boys: average 46 lbs and 45 in tall 6 year old girls: average 44 lbs and 45 in tall At 7 years, both boys and girls average 50 lbs and 48 inches tall

question

What stage of Erikson's social emotional development are kindergarters?

answer

Children ages 5 and 6 are in industry vs. inferiority

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What are ways to promote positive social-emotional development in kindergarten?

answer

Provide opportunities for children to be physically and mentally involved in problem solving and social activities Teach and role model how to make and keep friends Model positive social and emotional responses Give children opportunities to be leaders State your expectations for appropriate behavior

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What are the characteristicts of cognitive and language devop in kindergaten?

answer

Kindergarten is a period of rapid intellectual and language growth Tremendous capacity to learn words and like the challenge of new words Like and need to be involved in many language activities Desire to be verbal should be encouraged and supported

question

What is escalated curriculum

answer

More is expected from kindergarten children today

question

What are the reasons for escalated curriculum?

answer

Beginning in the 90's, there has been an emphasis on academics in US education Parents believe and academic approach to learning is the best way to succeed in school and the work world Standards, testing and high-quality education reform movement encourages greater emphasis on academics

question

What are alternative kindergarten programs?

answer

different kinds of programs for children who are not ready for the demands placed on them in a normal kindergarten setting

question

What kinds of alternative kindegarten programs are available?

answer

Developmental kindergarten - designed to provide children with additional time for maturation and physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development Transition Kindergarten - designed to serve children who may be old enough to go to first grade but are not quite ready to handle all of its expectations

question

Gift of time

answer

the practice of giving children more time in a program or at home to develp physically, emotionally, socially, and cognitively as preperation for kindergarten

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Looping

answer

a single-graded class of children staying with the same teacher for two or more years

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Retention

answer

destined to spend another year in kindergarten They appear immature and fail to measure up to the districts or teachers standards for promotion Usually retained for low academic achievement of low IQ It is assumed that children who are retained will do better. However research shows that children do not do better and parents report children have a pessimistic attitude which results in a negative impact on social-emotional development

question

What is DAP

answer

Developmentally Appropriate Practice - teaching and learning that is in accordance with children's physical, cognitive, social, linguistic, cultural, and gender development.

question

What are some strategies to make a DAP kindergarten

answer

Make learning meaningful to children by relating it to what they already know Individualize your curriculum as much as possible to account for the needs of all children of all diversities, abilities and backgrounds Make learning physically and mentally active Involve children in hands-on activities with concrete objects and manipulatives.

question

Some characteristicts of an appropriate physical environment for kindergartners

answer

Provide many materials that support children learning to read and write Organize the children into groups of different sizes and ability levels Use a variety of different instructional approaches Develop your classroom arrangement so that it supports district and state learning standards Adapt your classroom arrangement so it meets the learning and social needs of your children. Collaborate with your children to "personalize" your classroom Make supplies and learning materials accessible to children by storing them on open shelves with labels

question

What must be present in the social environment of a kindergarten

answer

all children of all cultures, gender, socioeconomic leves, and backgrounds should be valued and respected

question

Tips for creating a positive social environment in kindergarten

answer

Engage in one-to-one interactions Get on the child's level for face-to-face interactions Use a pleasant, calm voice and simple language Provide warm, responsive physical contact Follow the child's lead and interest during play Help children understand classroom expectations Redirect children when they engage in challenging behavior Listen to children and encourage them to listen to others Acknowledge children for their accomplishments and efforts

question

Literacy education

answer

teaching that focuses on reading, writing, speaking and listening

question

Why is literacy education important

answer

Too many children and adults cannot read Businesses and industries are concerned about how unprepared the nations workforce is to meet the demands of the workplace State governments are at the forefront of making sure all children learn to read well and that they read on level by 3rd grade

question

Emergent literacy

answer

children's literacy development before receiving formal reading and writing instruction

question

What are the beliefs of literacy

answer

Reading/writing involve cognitive and social abilities that children use in becoming literate in gaining meaning from reading, writing, speaking and listening Most children are involved in activities long before they come to school Literacy develops within a social context in which children have the opportunity to interact with and respond to printed language and to others using printed language Children's cultural identity influences how literacy develops and what form it takes.

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Whole word- approachs to literacy/reading

answer

children are presented with whole words and develop a sight vocabulary that enables them to begin reading and writing (Word walls, labels etc.) One of the most popular methods

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Phonics-approaches to literacy/reading

answer

stresses letter-sound correspondence, enables children to make automatic connections between words and sounds to sound out words and read on their own. Second most popular

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Language experience-approaches to literacy/reading

answer

child centered and maintains that literacy education should be meaningful to children, growing out of experiences that are interesting to them (teachers transcribe children's dictated experience stories and use them as a basis for writing and reading)

question

Whole language-approaches to literacy/reading

answer

philosophy of literacy development that advocates the use of all dimensions of language - reading, writing, listening and speaking- to help children become motivated to read and write, other characteristics include child centered, social interactions, spending time on the processes of reading and writing is more important than spending time on skills, reading writing speaking and listening are taught as an integrated whole, writing begins early, children's work is used as reading materials, themes or units of study are used as means of promoting interests and content

question

Shared reading

answer

a teaching method in which the teacher and children read together from text that is visible to all, uses big books and little-book copies for individual rereading.

question

3 steps involved in shared reading

answer

Introduce the book Read and respond to the book Extend the book

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5 math processes promoted by focal points in kindergarten

answer

Problem solving Reasoning Communication Making connections Designing and analyzing representations

question

Focuses of kindergarten math

answer

Areas of number and operation Geometry and measurement

question

Who decides how to teach kindergarten math

answer

How to teach is often left up to the teacher. Some districts, teachers have to use district lesson plans. Primary reason for using scripted lesson plans is to assure that all children are learning what the standards call for

question

Why is teaching science in kindergarten important

answer

Ideal vehicle for developing children's questioning minds Implementing National Science Education Standards can help students take their place in a scientifically literate society Children acquire oral and written language for scientific expression When children learn about nature they respect and care for the planet and its resources Learning scientific methods teaches to view themselves as scientists Exciting lessons can foster a lifelong love

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What is taught in kindergarten social studies

answer

Includes history, geography, economics and civics

question

What was taught historically in social studies

answer

focused on the expanding horizons or expanding environments approach - an approach to teaching social studies where the student is at the center of the expanding horizons and initial units, and at each grade level is exposed to a slowly widening environment

question

How does teaching social studies in kindergarten begin

answer

begins with who the children are an where they are, should be child centered and developmentally appropriate

question

What does teaching the arts in kindergarten consist of

answer

Consists of knowledge, skills, and concepts from these four areas: music, art, dance and theater

question

What factors does the integration of the arts in kindergarten depend on

answer

Time- often a problem because of the emphasis on reading/literacy and math, integrate across the curriculum Opportunity - are endless, capitalize on events that children are experiencing in their everyday lives, circle times and class meetings provide opportunities for singing and role play and opportunities are provided by making materials available to students Materials - include materials for visual arts, music and dance

question

Redshirting

answer

practice of postponing entrance into kindergarten of age-eligible children to allow extra time for socioemotional, intellectual, and physical growth

question

High-stakes kindergarten testing

answer

includes achievement testing and developmental and readiness screening. Development screening and readiness screening

question

Kindergarten enterance age

answer

- current legislative practices indicate that state and school districts will continue to push back the kindergarten entrance age.

question

What are the characteristicts of physical development in the primary grades

answer

Growth is slow and steady, continual. Develop increasing control over their bodies and explore the things they are able to do. Weight of boys and girls tends to be the same until after age nine when girls pull ahead.

question

What stage of psychosocial development is the primary grades

answer

6 year olds are in initiative stage of psychosocial development; 7 and 8 year olds are in the industry stage

question

What are the characteristicts of motor development in the primary grades

answer

Children should be actively involved in activities that enable them to use their bodies to learn and develop feelings of accomplishment and competence. Minimal differences between boys and girls Continuing refinement of fine-motor skills, can dress themselves and attend to most of their personal needs.

question

What stage of Erikson's social emotional development are children in during primary grades

answer

industry vs. inferiority

question

Middle childhood

answer

Children ages 6-9 are in Erikson's industry vs. inferiority stage of social-emotional development during which time they gain confidence and ego satisfaction from completing demanding tasks

question

Mastery oriented attributes

answer

effort/industriousness, paying attention, determination, and perserverance

question

Learned helplessness

answer

a condition that can develop when children perceive that they are not doing as well as they can or as well as their peers, lose confidence in their abilities and achievement, and then attribute their failures to a lack of ability. Children are passive and have learned to feel they are helpless

question

Ideas for promoting social emotional development in the primary grades

answer

1. Use literature to discuss emotions 2. Encourage children to express their emotions 3. Write about feelings 4. Provide opportunities for play 5. Provide for cultural differences

question

Relationship between play and recess

answer

Promotes well-being, encourages a sense of contentment and happiness, and creates an atmosphere in which they are more inclined to engage in school and other activities

question

Characteristicts of mental health in primary grades

answer

-Persistent sadness -Withdrawal from family,friends, and enjoyed activites -Increased irritability or agitation -Changes in eating/sleeping habits -Frequent physical complaints (headaches,stomachaches) -Lack of enthusiasm/motivation -Decreased energy, chronic fatigue -Play that involves excessive aggression for self or others or involves sad themes - Indecision, lack of concentration, forgetfulness -Feeling of worthlessness or excessive guilt -Recurring thoughts of death or suicide

question

Characteristicts involved with cognitive development in primary grades

answer

Thinking is less egocentric and more logical Concrete operational thought is the cognitive milestone that enables children from 7 to 12 to begin to use mental images and symbols and can perform operations (mental actions that enable children to reason logically)

question

Operations

answer

logico-mathematical activities. Children are not yet capable of abstract reasoning and their logical operations still require concrete objects and referents

question

Piaget theory of moral development

answer

2 stages of moral thinking

question

Heteronomy (Piaget)

answer

stage of moral thinking in which children are governed by others regarding matters of right and wrong

question

Autonomy (Piaget)

answer

being governed by oneself regarding right and wrong

question

Relations of constraint-Heteronomy (Piaget)

answer

reliance on others to determine right and wrong

question

Relations of cooperation- Heteronomy (Piaget)

answer

engagement with others in making decisions about good, bad, right, or wrong

question

Kohlberg theory of moral development

answer

moral thinking occurs at three developmental levels 1. preconventional 2. conventional 3. postconventional All individuals move through the process of moral development beginning at level 1 and progressing through each level. No level can be skipped but each individual does not necessarily achieve each level

question

Stages of preconventional development (Kohlberg)

answer

(morality is based on punishment and rewards) In stage 1 - punishment and obedience orientation - children make moral decisions based on physical consequences, will an action bring pleasure In stage 2 - instrumental-relativist orientation - children's actions are motivated by satisfaction of their needs

question

Characteristicts and core values of character education in primary grades

answer

civic virtue and moral character: honesty, kindness, respect, responsibility, tolerance for diversity, racial harmony, and good citizenship

question

Alignment

answer

the arrangement of standards, curriculum, and tests so they are in agreement

question

Curriculum alignment

answer

the process of making sure that what is taught matches the standards

question

Data driven instruction

answer

the analysis of assessment data to make decisions about how best to meet the instructional needs of each child.

question

Intentional teaching

answer

developing plans, selecting instructional strategies, and teaching to promote learning

question

Cooperative learning

answer

A teaching strategy in which small groups of children work together on a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a topic, with each member responsible for learning what is taught and helping teammates learn

question

What is expected of children participating in cooperative learning

answer

children experience how others think and behave and thereby learn how others solve problems and become more competent problem solvers. Encouraged to develop and use interpersonal skills It's a way of boosting student achievement and positively enhancing the climate of the classroom

question

Conditions that support healthy physical learning environments in primary grades

answer

-Abundant supply of materials for learning -Learning centers reflect content areas -Children seated in clusters of chairs/desks -Literature of all genres to support content area and materials provide for emulate real work experience -Materials and instruction provide for interdisciplinary integrated approaches -Progam,learning, and environment are coordinated so materials support and align with outcomes and standards -Teacher instruction and student involvement are balanced -All centers have materials that support reading and writing -Children's products displayed and valued -Schedules are posted where children can read them -Technology supports and enriches basic skill and concept learning and children use tech. for presentations, projects, and reports.

question

Conditions that support a healthy social environment in primary grades

answer

-Families,adults,and the community are connected to the classroom -Children are valued and respected (classroom is a community of learners) -Children live and learn in peace and harmony -High expectations are essential pary of classroom culture -Assessment is continuous and is designed to support teaching and learning -Thinking is considered a basic skill and is integrated throughout

question

What does literacy and reading look like integrated in the primary grades curriculum

answer

-Use the fundamentals of letter-sound correspondence, word study,and decoding, as well as holistic experiences in reading, writing, speaking, and listening -Incorporating many reading approaches -Using many forms of writing -Integrating literacy across the curriculum -Integrating literacy across cultures -Using childrens written documents as reading material, as well as literature books, vocab-controlled and sentence-controlled stories -Organizing literacy instruction around themes -Having children create stories,write letters,keep personal journals,and share their written documents

question

What is guided reading at the primary level

answer

Children read texts that are at their developmentally appropriate reading level and have a minimum of new things to learn

question

What are the steps of guided reading in the primary level

answer

1. Introduce the book 2. Read and respond to the book 3. Extend the book

question

The 10 math understanding in primary level

answer

1. number and operations 2. algebra 3. geometry 4. measurement 5. data analysis and probability 6. problem solving 7. reasoning and proof 8. communication 9. connection 10. representation

question

"New-Math"

answer

Emphasizes hands-on activities, problem solving, group work and teamwork, application and use of mathematical ideas and principles to real-life events, daily use of mathematics, and an understanding of and use of math understandings and competencies. Seeks to have students be creative users of math in life and workplace settings but also includes the ability to recall addition sums and multiplication products quickly

question

Inquiry learning

answer

involvement of children in activities and processes that lead to learning

question

Process of inquiry learning

answer

• Posing questions • Observing • Reading and researching for a purpose • Proposing solutions and making predictions • Gathering information and interpreting it

question

Social studies in the primary grade

answer

The integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence

question

The purpose of social studies in the primary grade

answer

to help children develop the ability to make informed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse, democratic society

question

Characteristicts of arts curriculum in primary grade

answer

Include content knowledge, skills, concepts and themes in your students learning experiences. Should be content based and child centered.

question

3 R's from Cindy B.

answer

Respect Response Relationship

question

Child Brain

answer

age 3 has 1000 trillion synaptic connection; by adult hood you only have 500 trillion

Intro to Early Childhood test#3 – Flashcards

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