First Aid: Examples of Each Hypersensitivity and Blood Transfusion rxns – Flashcards
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Type 1 Hypersensitivity examples (2)
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1. Allergic and Atopic Disorders (e.g. rhinitis, hay fever, eczema, hives, asthma) 2. anaphlyaxis (e.g. bee sting, some food/drug allergies)
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Type 1 Hypersensitivity presentation
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immediate anaphylatic atopic
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Type 2 Hypersensitivity examples
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1. Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions 2. autoimmune hemolytic anemia 3. bullous pemphigoid 4. erythroblastosis fetalis 5. good pasture syndrome 6. graves disease 7. guillain-barre syndrome 8. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 9. myasthenia gravis 10. pemphigus vulgaris 11. penicious anemia 12. rheumatic fever
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guillain-barre syndrome
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an acute form of polyneuritis, often preceded by a respiratory infection, causing weakness and often paralysis of the limbs.
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polyneuritis
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any disorder that affects the peripheral nerves collectively.
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disorder that can lead to easy or excessive bruising and bleeding. The bleeding results from unusually low levels of platelets
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Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
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disease tends to be specific to tissue or site where antigen is found;
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define autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a group of disorders characterized by a malfunction of the immune system that produces autoantibodies, which attack red blood cells as if they were substances foreign to the body. Some people have no symptoms, and other people are tired, short of breath, and pale.
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type 3 hypersensitivity examples
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1. Arthus rxn 2. SLE 3. polyarteritis nodosa 4. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 5. serum sickness
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type 3 hypersensitivity presentation
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can be associated with vasculitis and systemic manifestations;
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type 4 hypersensitivity presentation
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1. contact dermatatis 2. graft vs host disease 3. multiple sclerosis 4.PPD (test for M.tuberculosis)
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type 4 hypersensitivity presentation
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response is delayed and doesn't involve antibodies
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Blood transfusion rxn: Allegic rxn
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pathogenesis: type 1 hypersensitivity rxn against plasma proteins in transfused blood; presentation: utrica, wheezing, coughing, etc
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What do you treat allegic rxn relating to a blood transfusion rxns?
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antihistamines
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What do you treat anaphylatic rxn with?
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epinephrine
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What is the pathogenesis of the an anaphylatic rxn?
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severe allergic rxn IgA deficient individuals must receive blood products without IgA.
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What is the clinical presentation of an anaphylatic rxn? (5)
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dyspnea, bronchospasm, hypotension, respiratory arrest, shock;
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Febrile Nonhemolytic transfusion rxn
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type 2 hypersensitivity rxn; host antibodies against HLA antigens and WBCs
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Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion rxn: Clinical presentation (4)
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headaches chills flushing fever
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Acute hemolytic transfusion rxn (4)
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type 2 hypersensitivity rxn; intravascular hemolysis (ABO blood group incompatibility) or extravascular hemolysis
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Intravascular hemolysis
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ABO blood group incompability
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Extravascular hemolysis
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Host antibody rxn against foreign antigen or donor RBCs
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clinical presentation of acute hemolytic transfusion rxn (7)
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1.fever 2.hypotension 3.tachypnea 4.tachycardia 5.flank pain 6. hemoglobinuria (intravascular hemolysis) 7. jaundice (extravascular hemolysis)
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jaundice is the result of...
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extravascular hemolysis
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hemoglobinuria is the result of...
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intravascular hemolysis
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tachypnea
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abnormally rapid breathing;
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What is arthus rxn caused by?
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swelling and inflammation following a tetanus vaccine
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post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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kidney disease that develops 10 to 14 days after a skin or throat infection. it is not caused by the bacteria itself, but by the body's infection fighting (immune) system. the main symptoms are blood in your child's wee (urine) and swollen ankles or puffy eyes.
