question

Xylazine is best described as

answer

Analgesic and sedative

question

Detomidine is approved for use in ____.

answer

Horses

question

Butorphanol is best described as a

answer

Analgesic

question

________ is considered to be a good choice for patients when cardiovascular is compromised.

answer

Diazepam

question

In the United States Xylazine is not approved for use in ____.

answer

Cattle

question

Guaifenesin is most often used in horses and cattle to provide _____.

answer

Muscle relaxation

question

The combination of xylazine and butorphanol is used to

answer

Provide greater analgesia and muscle relaxation than either drug can alone

question

_______ is a potent sedative.

answer

Detomidine

question

What drug is most likely to cause hypotension in normal doses?

answer

Acepromazine

question

The combination drug Telazol contains

answer

Zolazepam and tiletamine

question

Epidural techniques are used in many species, but the primary disadvantage in animals is?

answer

Movement of the patient

question

_____ inhalant anesthetic drug is most likely to cause cardiac arrhythmia's in dogs.

answer

Halothane

question

T/F: Nitrous oxide is a inhalant anesthetic that is biotransformed to the greatest extent in the body.

answer

Nitrous oxide * Is a inhalant analgesic not an anesthetic*

question

Do Neuromuscular blocking agents cross the placental barrier in significant amounts?

answer

NO

question

Is *propofol* classified as a barbiturate ?

answer

NO (lipid soluble hypnotic agent for short term procedures) *Phenobarbital, Thiopental, and Pentobarbital are Barbituates*

question

Glycopyrrolate is a anticholinergic with what advatages over Atropine?

answer

*Glyco has:* *Longer* duration of *action* *Less* likely to cause *cardiac arrhythmia* *Smaller dose Volumes*

question

Is Glyco able to cross the placental barrier?

answer

NO!

question

At normal doses atropine prevents a ______ effect on the heart rate.

answer

Prevents a decrease

question

Opiod drugs are uses in anesthetic protocols primarily as a

answer

Analgesic

question

The advantage of xylazine over acepromazine is that it

answer

Xylazine Produces a short period of analgesia *Ace has no a analgesia effects!*

question

Routine use of atropine should be avoided in horses because it may cause _____.

answer

Colic

question

_____ should be avoided in the stallion because it may cause permanent prolapse of the penis.

answer

Acepromazine

question

What drug is a narcotic antagonist?

answer

Naloxone

question

A 10% solution of thiopental sodium for anesthetic induction contains

answer

100mg/ml

question

Depressant pre anesthetics medications may _____ recovery time.

answer

Prolong

question

______ is an antagonist of xylazine.

answer

Yohimbine

question

Diazepam produces ________.

answer

Muscle relaxation

question

Epinephrine ____ the heart rate.

answer

Increases

question

Nitrous oxide _____ the amount of inhalation anesthetic required.

answer

Decreases

question

A disadvantage of breathing 50% nitrous oxide is that it

answer

*decreases* the arterial PaO2

question

How many mg/ml does a 2% lidocaine solution contain?

answer

20

question

What volume of thiopental sodium should be used IV to a 500 kg horsefor induction of anesthesia. The dosage is 8mg/kg and you are using a 10% solution.

answer

40 ml

question

What drug produces *apneustic* breathing pattern?

answer

Ketamine

question

True/false: It is a good reason to use a preanesthetic to increase vagal activity

answer

False *Preanesthtics decrease undesirable effects*

question

When lidocaine is used as a epidural agent in a dog it is ?

answer

A *excellent* caudal analgesic

question

Mask induction are more appropriately used in ____ dogs.

answer

Calm

question

Excessive salvation is not associated with ______.

answer

*ketamine* decreases salvation*

question

Halothane concentrations of 1% to 2% * will not* produce a ____ in cardiac output.

answer

Increased cardiac output

question

The adverse effects of anesthetics compounds are ____ dependent.

answer

Dose

question

The most reliable sign of inadequate anesthesia depth is the response to _____.

answer

Movement

question

Propofol is a?

answer

Nonbarbiturate, IV anesthetic with hypotensive potential.

question

Ace should be avoided in patients with a history of _______.

answer

Seizures * older dogs also tolerate ace very well *

question

In dogs, normal doses of opioids will not produce ____.

answer

Excitement

question

When comparing inhalations anesthetics you should use the MAC as a guide in assessing ?

answer

Potency of the agent

question

What drug is a dissociative anesthetic?

answer

Ketamine

question

______ inhalant anesthetic has the longest induction and recovery time.

answer

Halothane

question

Precision vaporizers as those used for isoflurane, work correctly when place

answer

out of the circle

question

If the unidirectional valves are missing from a anesthetic machine you should?

answer

Definitely not okay to use the machine, except with a nonbreathing circuit

question

The oxygen flush valve allows oxygen to flow into the breathing system without going through the _______.

answer

Vaporizer

question

All inhalant anesthetic machines should have

answer

A anesthetic waste gas scavenging system

question

Vaporizers will not be classified by

answer

type of breathing circuit with which they can be used.

question

A intravenous catheter should be _____ enough to allow adequate fluid delivery, if cardiac arrest occurs.

answer

Large

question

The volume of the rebreathing bag on an anesthetic machine should be at least _____ times the patients tidal volume.

answer

3

question

Nitrous Oxide containers are painted _____.

answer

Blue

question

ACtivated charcoal will absorb *all* anesthetic inhalants except?

answer

Nitrous oxide

question

What condition is not associated with chronic exposure to inhalant anesthetic gases?

answer

Insomnia

question

Will *chamber and mask inductions* reduce waste gas levels?

answer

NO

question

When inflating the cuff on the endotracheal tube you should change to a larger diameter tube if the cuff inflation requires more the _____ ml of air.

answer

5

question

Ideally the endotracheal tube should be inserted so that

answer

the tip is midway between the thoracic inlet and the larynx.

question

True/False: A endotracheal tube increases dead space and allows for more efficient ventilation.

answer

False E-tube Decrease dead space

question

_______ cat is most likely to experience layngospasm during endotracheal induction

answer

Persian

question

What is the most common complication of endotracheal incubation

answer

Placement of the tube in the esophagus

question

The best method for determining the proper inflation of a endotracheal tube is

answer

Inject air while applying pressure from teh reservoir bag until no air escapes around the tube

question

The preferred method for treating a cat with larynogospasm is to place a drop of ____ ____ in the laryngeal area.

answer

Topical anesthetic

question

What is not a advantage of using a E-tube

answer

*increases the chances of airway obstruction*

question

In a siamese cat the E-tubeshould be removed when the animal begins to ______ and _____.

answer

Swallow and Cough

question

In a pug the E-tube should be removed after the animal is ____ and able to maintain free airway.

answer

*Fully* Conscious

question

Concerning use of IV anesthesia in large animal * Does Iv work well on procedures that require complete immobilization of the patient*

answer

No that is the least accurate statement!

question

When monitoring the vital signs of an anesthetized patient you *do not have to record* _______.

answer

*reflexes*

question

The responsibilities of the anesthetist during surgery includes monitoring/recording the patients vital sign every _____ min.

answer

5 min intervals

question

Adequate oxygen may be evaluated subjectively during anesthesia by _____ and _____.

answer

Mucous membrane color and Capillary refill time

question

Hypoventilation that occurs in the anesthetized patient is characterized by _______ oxygen levels and ____ carbon dioxide levels.

answer

decreased oxygen Increased carbon dioxide

question

Once extubated all animals should be placed in what position?

answer

Sternal recumbency with neck extended

question

Following discontinuation of the anesthetic gas, periodic bagging of the patient with pure oxygen is advisable because it

answer

Helps reinflate collapsed alveoli

question

In a anesthetized patient pale mucous membrans can indicate

answer

Inadequate oxygen levels Excessive blood loos Decreased tissue perfusion *Not cyanosis*

question

In a brachycephalic breed it is recommended to wait a longer period before extubation because of the likelihood of _____ and _____.

answer

Vomiting and airway obstruction

question

T/F: Providing fresh food and water once the animal is conscious is advisable for a patient immediately following surgery

answer

False it is not recommended

question

The minimum acceptable heat rate for an anesthetized medium sized dog is

answer

60 bpm

question

It the heart rate falls below ____ it is cause for concern.

answer

100 bpm

question

A anesthetist should be aware of the effects of anesthetic agents on the patient. When used as a *preanesthetic* atropine, and ace can cause

answer

Prolapse of the nitctitating membrane Reduced salvation and tear production Pupil dilation in cats *Will not cause respiratory depression*

question

A capillary refill time that is over 2 seconds indicates

answer

Decreased peripheral blood perfusion

question

Use of an indwelling catheter in an artery to monitor blood pressure is called

answer

Direct monitoring

question

When monitoring the mucous membrane color of an anesthetized patient with pigmented gingival you could use each of the following altenative sites

answer

Tongue Buccal mucous membrane Membranes linning the prepuce or vulva *not the pinna*

question

During the maintance period of anesthesia in a cat or dog, respiratory rates lower than ____/min may indicate excessive anesthetic depth that should be reported to the veterinarian.

answer

8 breaths per min

question

Some anesthetists routinely bag the patient under anesthesia once every 5 min to help prevent ____.

answer

Atelectasis

question

Is progression from light to moderate anesthesia a cause of true hyperventilation?

answer

No! Response to metabolic acidosis, response to a mild surgical stimulus, and presence of pulmonary edema is a cause of true hyperventilation.

question

If the rectum of a patient is covered or inaccessible a rough body temperature may be obtained by____ or___.

answer

Touching the patients feet or ears

question

Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially fatal syndrome. The _____ species is most prone to.

answer

Pig

question

Use of succinylcholine in combination with general anesthesia is of a advantage to the anesthetist. The ____ muscle tone is of no use in monitoring patients given succinycholine.

answer

Jaw muscle tone

question

Ketamine as a anesthetic agent diminishes the values of _____.

answer

Eye position

question

In a animal that has *not* received an anticholinergic will the tear and saliva production diminish as anesthetic depth is increased?

answer

False a animal in a light plane may be indicated by increasing lacrimnation and salvation

question

Stage ___may be characterized by vocalization, struggling, and breath holding.

answer

Stage II

question

A dog received intramuscularly the correct dose of xylazine. Second degree heart block and bradycardia developed. Based on the most common cause of this adverse reaction, what would be the best therapy

answer

Glycopyrrolate

question

Cardiac arrthymias that occur during anesthesia are not associated with _____.

answer

Normocapnia

question

The most common arrhythmia associated with use of _______ in dogs during induction of anesthesia is______.

answer

Thiobarbiturates, Bigeminy

question

Tachycardia in an anesthetized patient will not be a indication of _______.

answer

Xylazine overdose

question

Hypothermia has became significant in a 4-kg cat. What is the best way to restore body heat?

answer

To warm the air in the breathing circuit by some method.

question

An isoflurane cat suddenly begins breathing 30 times a minute during surgical procedure. You first response should be to ?

answer

Turn down the oxygen flow rate

question

If a dog is to deeply anesthetized you will *not* see _______ jaw muscle tone.

answer

Increased

question

A dog anesthetized with halothane in 99% oxygen developes ventricular tachycardia. ________ is the drug of choice for therapy.

answer

Lidocaine

question

Dubutamine is used in emergency and clinical situations to ______ cardiac output

answer

Increase

question

Patients that have had water withheld for long periods before surgery and general anesthesia may be prone to?

answer

Dehydration and hypotension

question

When xylazine is used to induce vomiting before surgery make sure to?

answer

Examine the airway for gastric contents before placing the E-tube

question

Immediately after tracheal intubation in a 3-kg cat you notice extreme respiratory distress. ________ intubation is most likely the cause.

answer

Bronchial

question

After placing, lubricating and inflating the cuff you note a sudden decrease in heart rate.What is most likely the cause?

answer

The cuff is overinflated producing vagal induced bradycardia

question

During CPR 2% lidocaine is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. ________ is a complication that may occur after intravenous infusion of lidocaine.

answer

Bradycardia

question

Sodium bicarbonate is used to ?

answer

combat acidosis

question

Doxapram will not produce _____.

answer

Hypoventilation

question

Thiopental may be delayed by _____ because of its high lipid solubility.

answer

Obesity

question

_____ is commonly used along with ketamine or thiopental as a induction agent for adult horses.

answer

Guaifensin

question

______ can cause convulsions when administered alone at high doses.

answer

Dissociative anesthetics

question

______ is a analgesic and a sedative.

answer

Xylazine *Alpha 2 Agonist*

question

Midazolam will/won't predispose he animal to bloat?

answer

Will not! Atropine, Medetomidine, and glyco will predispose a animal to bloat

question

A drug considered an ____ if its action at the receptor is to stimulate.

answer

Agonist

question

Anticholinergics drugs prevent _____.

answer

Bradycardia (anticholinergics block the parasympathetic response)

question

Telezol is given __.

answer

IM

question

NO more than _____ nitrous oxide should be delivered.

answer

70%

question

Nitrous oxide can never be used in a ____ circuit.

answer

Closed

question

Diffusion hypoxia is of concern when recovering a patient if ______ was given.

answer

Nitrous oxide

question

Recovery from a barbiturate anesthesia is *not* prolonged by _________.

answer

Elevated cardiac output

question

______ may occur because rapid recovery from isoflurane anesthesia.

answer

Emergence delirium

question

If a patient has a intestinal obstruction _______ should not be used

answer

Nitrous oxide

question

T/F: Hyperthermia will cause pale mucouse membranes.

answer

False *hyperthermia does NOT cause hyperthermia*

question

T/F:Neuromuscular blocking agents must be injected around the nerve.

answer

False *local anesthetics are injected around the nerve not neuromuscular agents*

question

When giving a neuromuscular blocking agent the last muscle to become paralyzed is?

answer

Diaphragm

question

Where do neuromuscular agents disrupt nerve impulses?

answer

Along the nerve fiber

question

Local anesthetics interfere with the transmission of the impulse along the ______.

answer

Nerve Fiber

question

Inhalant anesthtics with low ____ have short induction and recovery periods.

answer

Solubility coefficient

question

Precision vaporizers are best suited for?

answer

Highly volatile anesthetics

question

Neuromuscular agents do/dont cross the placenta barrier

answer

do not

question

What are neuromuscular blocking agents also known as?

answer

Peripheral muscle relaxants

question

Neuromuscular agents are not used for _______.

answer

analgesia

question

Acetycholinestrase inhibitors

answer

are reversal agents for non depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

question

What do local anesthetics prevent?

answer

They prevent nerve cell depolarization

question

If a patient is dyspneic *Do Not* ______the pet from the anesthesia machine.

answer

Dissconnect

question

What is a way to reduce/minimize exposure to waste anesthetic gas

answer

Properly inflate the E-tube cuff

question

A epidural agent is administered?

answer

Between L7 and the sacrum

question

Would a epidural be appropriately used for a eye enucleation?

answer

NO

question

Pervascular injection of a barbiturate (Thiopental) may cause?

answer

Tissue slough

question

Methohexital (a barbituate ) can be used in sight hounds to produce?

answer

Faster anesthetic recovery

question

What is a Cyclohexamine ( ketamine, Ace, Xylazine, Propofol)

answer

*Ketamine* is a cyclhexamine

question

Ace is classified as a?

answer

Phenothiazine

question

BAA contains?

answer

Butorphanol, ace, atropine

question

What drug is an antagonist of medetomidine?

answer

Atipamezole

question

Naloxone is classified as

answer

Antagonist

question

Succinylcholine is classified as a

answer

neuromuscular blocking agent

question

Sevoflurane has the Highest/lowest blood gas coefficient

answer

LOWEST

question

T/F;; Severe heart depression is a trait of sevoflurane.

answer

False *Sevo has a slight depression effect on the heart, unlike halothane which has severe depression effect.

question

What is not a controlled substance *Ace, Ketamine, Diazapam*

answer

Acepromazine

question

The drug that has the longest duration of effect after one injection

answer

Buprenorphine

question

What local anesthetic has the longest duration of action?

answer

Bupivacaine

question

Xylazine is a _________ that provides sedation, muscle relaxation, and analgesia.

answer

Alpha 2 agonist

question

What measures expired CO2

answer

Capnograph

question

Gas cylinders that are part of the anesthetic machine are attached to it by a

answer

Yoke

question

Medical oxygen machines are ______.

answer

Green

question

High pressure system tests the anesthetic machine for?

answer

Oxygen or nitrous oxide leaks

question

For a given inhalation anesthetic agent a vaporizer setting of ____ times MAC will produce a surgical depth of anesthesia.

answer

1.5

question

When using a mechanical ventilator the animals chest is under

answer

positive pressure

question

The laryngoscope facilitates ______.

answer

intubation

question

An anesthetized patient should receive sigh breaths every ______ min

answer

5-10 min

question

Before adminstering general anesthesia what is least important in a animals history

answer

when the animal was last vaccinated

question

With dogs and cats food is most commonly withheld for?

answer

10-12 hours

question

what stimuli can activate sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system

answer

painful stimuli

question

Anticholinergics increase/decrease intestinal peristalsis

answer

Decrease

question

What is not an opioid drug?

answer

Diazepam

question

T/F: Diazepam is a potent sedative

answer

False *diazepam is a weak sedative*

question

Ketamine is most likely to cause_______ after administration

answer

hypotension

question

What is not seen when ketamine is administered IV rather than IM?

answer

Longer duration of effects

question

Why is apnea sometimes prolonged after barbiturates are administered to rapidly?

answer

Barbiturates surpress the respiratory center making it less sensitive to carbon dioxide

question

What is not a characteristic of propofal

answer

Good post anesthesia analgesia

question

What is not a characteristic of ketamine

answer

tachypnea

question

What is least likely to be a result of administering barbiturates perivasularly

answer

Transient apnea

question

When are barbiturates most potent

answer

in their unbound form*use caution in hypoproteinemic animals*

question

Administering short acting barbiturates drugs can be safety administered by ____ to induce general anesthesia.

answer

IV

question

A adavantage of inhalants over injectables is *not*

answer

Less expensive

question

When giving barbiturates IV give

answer

1/2 of the dose quickly then the rest to effect

question

Mask induction is best accomplished by?

answer

Using a volatile anesthetic that is relatively insoluble in body fluids, such as isoflurane

question

Postanesthetic myositis is most likely to occur in

answer

Horses

question

Atropine should be avoided in _____.

answer

Horses

question

What is not a potential odic effect of commonly used local anesthetics?

answer

Acidosis

question

Balanced anesthesia does *not* commonly include

answer

Disoociative agents

question

Nitrous oxide is associated with?

answer

diffusion hypoxia

question

*Thymol* is a preservative in ______.

answer

Halothane

question

WHat is not commonly seen in stage IV of G.A

answer

Constricted pupils

question

What reflex may be present under a light surgical plane

answer

Palpebral

question

The optimal stage for general anesthsia is

answer

Stage 3 plane 2

question

What is not a true reflex

answer

jaw tone

question

What is a helpful drug in treating prolonged anesthetic recoveries?

answer

Doxapram

question

Can halothane, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane be safely used in a non precession vaporizer?

answer

NO *none of the above* :)

question

__________ can not be compensated by a vaporizer.

answer

Solubility coeffcient

question

What is the prefered order of administering emergency drugs?

answer

IV, IT, IC

question

What has been associated with long term exposure to waste anesthetic gases?

answer

Hepatotoxicty Decline in short term memory Increased incidence of miscarriages

question

_________ is a nonreversable type of muscle paralyzing agency

answer

Succinylcholine

question

What agent is excreted largely intact cat kidneys

answer

Ketamine

question

Mask induction should be avoided with ___________.

answer

impaired respiratory function

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