Sociology Chapter 21 – Health and Medicine – Flashcards
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health
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
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social epidemiology
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the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population.
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eating disorder
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an intense form of dieting or other unhealthy method of weight control driven by the desire to be very thin.
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euthanasia
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assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease; also known as mercy killing.
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medicine
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the social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health.
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holistic medicine
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an approach to health care that emphasizes prevention of illness and takes into account a person's entire physical and social environment.
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socialized medicine
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a medical care system in which the government owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most physicans.
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direct-fee system
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a medical care system in which patients pay directly for the services of physicians and hospitals.
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health maintenance organization
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(HMO) an organization that provides comprehensive medical care to subscribers for a fixed fee.
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sick role
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patterns of behavior defined as appropiate for people who are ill.
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structural functional approach theoretical analysis of health and medicine
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considers illness to be dysfunctional because it reduces people's abilities to perform their roles. According to Talcott Parsons, society responds to illness by defining roles: the sick role exuses the ill person from routine social responsibilities. the physician's role is to use specialized knowledge to take charge of the patient's recovery.
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symbolic interaction approach and theoretical analysis of health and medicine
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investigates how health and medical care are socially constructed by people in everyday interaction: our response to illness is not always based on medical facts. How people define a medical situation may affect how they feel.
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social conflict and Feminist approaches
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focuses on the unequal distributions of health and medical care. They criticize the U.S. medical establishment for its overreliance on drug and surgery, the dominance of the profit motive, and overemphasis on the biological rather than the social causes of illness.
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Health is a social issue because... a. cultural patterns define what people view as healthy. b. social inequality affects people's health. c. a society's technology affects people's heath. d. all of the above are correct.
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d. all of the above are correct.
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In the very poorest of nations of the world today, a majority of people die before reaching.. a. their teens. b. the age of fifty. c. the age of sixty five. d. the age of seventy five.
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a. their teens
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The Industrial Revolution reduced deaths caused by___, which increased the share of deaths caused by _____. a. disease; war. b. starvation; accidents. c. infectious diseases such as influenza; chronic conditions such as heart disease. d. chronic conditions such as heart disiease; infectious diseases such as influenza
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c. infectious diseases such as influenza; chronic conditions such as heart disease.
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Social epidemiology is the study of a. which bacteria cause as specific disease. b. the distribution of health and illness in a population. c. what kind of people become doctors. d. the distribution of doctors around the world.
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b. the distribution of health and illness in a population.
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What is the largest caused of death among young people in the United States? a. cancer b. influenza c. accidents d. AIDs
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c. Accidents
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In the United States, which category of people have the highest life expectancy? a. African American men b. white men c. African American women d. white women
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d. white women
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In the United States, the greatest preventable cause of death is.. a. sexually transmitted diseases b. automobile accidents c. cigarette smoking d. AIDs
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c. cigarette smoking
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About what share of U.S. adults are overweight? a. two-thirds b. half c. one-third d. one-fifth
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a. two-thirds
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Which sexually transmitted disease is most common among U.S. adults? a. AIDS b. gential herpes c. gonorrhea d. syphilis
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b. genital herpes
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A social conflict analysis claims that capitalism harms human health because... a. it does not encourage people to take control of their own health. b. it gives physicians little financial incentive to work. c. it reduces average living standards. d. it makes quality of care dependent on income.
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d. it makes quality of care dependent on income.
