question

what is the formula for Success?

answer

System + Schedule

question

what are a few scheduling techniques that can aid in time management?

answer

schedule a time for everything such as sleeping/eating/exercising, and try to multi task

question

what are some of the settings and roles in which today's registered nurses practice, including advanced practice roles?

answer

nursing in hospitals, communities, medical offices, workplace, armed forces, schools, palliative care and end of life settings, from a distance (telehealth), faith community, managing information in nursing (informatics), nursing in business (entrepreneurs)

question

describe nursing in a hospital setting

answer

in general, nurses working in hospitals care for patients with medical or surgical conditions (ex: diabetes, cancer, post operative care, severe trauma or burns, L&D/Newborn care,) there are specialty units in hospitals that nurses may work in as well, such as ER, ICU, cardiology, neurology, etc.

question

Utilitarian ethics

answer

Believe that what makes an action right or wrong is its utility, with useful actions brining about the greatest good for the greatest number of people

question

Autonomy

answer

Individuals have the right to determine their own actions and the freedom to make their own decisions

question

Justice

answer

Equals should be treated the same and that unequals should be treated differently

question

Beneficence

answer

The doing of good

question

Non-Maleficence

answer

The duty to do no harm

question

Veracity

answer

Telling the truth, or not lying

question

Code of Ethics

answer

A hallmark of mature professions and a social contract through which the profession informs society of the principles and rules by which it functions

question

Values

answer

Attitudes, ideals, or beliefs that an individual or a group holds and uses to guide behavior

question

What is the job of the State Boards of Nursing?

answer

Regulate nursing to protect the public from harm by unprepared or incompetent practitioners

question

Most common reason nurses are disciplined by SBNs is?

answer

Practicing while under the influence of alcohol or other substance, often a narcotic taken from the workplace

question

Central issue in malpractice is?

answer

Negligence- the failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would have acted in the same circumstances

question

Nurse malpractice

answer

Nurses are accountable for their own practice and can be named in a malpractice suit just as any practitioner can be named

question

Malpractice may occur in two ways

answer

By commission-doing something that that should not have been done- and by omission-failing to do things that should have been done

question

Purpose of HIPAA

answer

To reinforce the protection of patient information as it is transmitted electronically. The regulations protect medical records and other individually identifiable health information, whether on paper, electronically, or communicated orally.

question

Fidelity

answer

The faithfulness or honoring one's commitments or promises

question

nursing in medical offices consists of

answer

working in unison with physicians, NPs, and their patients while conducting health assessments, reviewing medications, drawing blood, giving immunizations, administering medications, and providing health teaching

question

what is nursing in the workplace described as?

answer

hired to care for those in a workplace/occupational and environmental health nurses. (employee health nurses)

question

describe nursing in the armed forces

answer

these nurses serve either in active duty or in military reserve units, which means they will be called to duty in case of emergency

question

nursing in palliative and end of life care include what responsibilities?

answer

improving the quality of life and tending to those in hospice or close to death

question

what is telehealth?

answer

nursing from a distance, which includes interactive radio and voice linkages, real time teleconferencing and lab data, computer usage, and clinical technologies to help the patient

question

nursing in a faith community focuses on...

answer

parish nursing, which is the intentional care of the spirit

question

describe a nurse practitioner

answer

masters/post masters degree. qualified to handle a wide range of basic health problems. independent practitioners and can be directly reimbursed by medicare/medicaid.military & private insurance for their work

question

what is a clinical nurse specialist?

answer

in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, own offices, industry, home care, health maintenance orgs. MSN or Doctorates. Qualified to handle a wide range of basic physical/mental health problems and are experts in a specific field. perform health assessments, make diagnoses, deliver treatment, develop quality control methods. consult, research, education, administration

question

what are certified nurse midwives

answer

well-woman care, attend/assist childbirth in hospitals, birthing centers, private practice, home birthing services. MSN required. must be accredited. licensed independent health care providers who can prescribe meds

question

certified registered nurse anesthetist

answer

administer anesthesia, work with either physician anesthesiologist or independently, obstetric delivery rooms, dentists, podiatrists, ophthalmologist, plastic surgeons, ambulatory surgical facilities, military/govt. health services. 2-3 year specialized education with MSN.

question

florence nightingale

answer

founder of modern nursing, cared for wounded men of crimean war; took 38 nurses to organize, clean, and aid hospital/soldiers. founded first training school for nurses @ St. Thomas' hospital in London. her most famous publication was titled "Notes on Nursing: what it is, and what it is not"

question

Mary Seacole

answer

-"greatest black briton" -Jamaican business woman. -did not work with nightingale, she sent a request and was declined. -a lot of experience managing cholera -mother seacole

question

Clara Barton

answer

-founded american red cross

question

dorothea dix

answer

appointed Superintendent of Women Nurses by the Union Army

question

Mary E. Mahoney

answer

first African American nurse to study and work as a professionally trained nurse

question

what is special about community nurses?

answer

community nurses provide educational programs in health maintenance, disease prevention, nutrition, and child care. they also conduct immunization clinics and health screenings, and work with those in the community.

question

nursing in communities can include working in....

answer

these nurses may work for government or private agencies, ambulatory clinics, health departments, hospices, homes, and a variety of other community based settings.

question

Four major concepts of nursing

answer

Person, Health, Environment, and Nursing

question

Relationship between nursing theory, research, and practice

answer

They are circular- literature, theory, clinical practice

question

Cultural Competence

answer

-The ability of providers and organizations to effectively deliver health care services that meet the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients. -Guides the nurse in understanding behaviors and planning appropriate approaches to patient needs -Guides the patient's response to health care providers and their interventions

question

Therapeutic use of self

answer

Helpful to you in relating effectively to patients, patients families, and other health care professionals

question

Theory

answer

Refers to a group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena (observable occurrences) from which to describe, explain, or predict outcomes.

question

Nursing conceptual models

answer

Broad conceptual structures that provide comprehensive, holistic perspectives of nursing by describing the relationships of specific concepts

question

Philosophies of Nursing

answer

Statements of beliefs about nursing and expressions of values in nursing that are used as bases for thinking and acting

question

Branches of Philosophy

answer

1. Epistemology- dealing with the theory of knowledge itself 2. Logic- study of proper and improper methods of reasoning 3. Aesthetics- study of what is beautiful (painting, music, dance, literature, and sculpture) 4. Ethics- studies standards of conduct, attempts to answer the questions, "What is the nature of good and evil?" 5. Bioethics- term describing the branch of ethics that deals with biologic issues 6. Politics- deals with regulation and control of people living in society 7. Metaphysics- consideration of the ultimate nature of existence, reality, human experience, and the universe

question

Who is at the top of most clinical ladders, and what do they do?

answer

Clinical nurse specialists (CNS), includes the responsibility for serving as a clinical mentor and role model for other nurses, as well as setting standards for nursing care on the unit(s). CNS also establish protocols, and ensure that the nursing practice on the unit is evidence based practice.

question

Protecting yourself from legal problems

answer

-Practice in a safe setting -Communicate with other health professionals, patients, and families -Meet the standard of care -Carry and understand professional liability insurance -Promote positive interpersonal relationships -Delegate wisely

question

What is evidence based practice (EBP)?

answer

Refers to nursing care that is based on the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preference.

question

Confidentiality

answer

-The protection of private information gathered about a patient during the provision of health care services -Code of Ethics states, "the nurse has a duty to maintain confidentiality for all patient information, both personal and clinical in the work setting and off duty in all venues, inclosing social media... Nurses are responsible for providing accurate, relevant data to members of the health care team and others who have a need to know." -The Code acknowledges exceptions to the obligation of confidentiality. these include discussing the care of patients with others involved in their direct care, quality assurance activities, legally mandated disclosure to public health authorities, and information required by third-party payers

question

Informed Consent

answer

-All patients or their guardians must be given an opportunity to grant informed consent before treatment unless there is a life-threatening emergency -Three major conditions of informed consent: 1. Consent must be given voluntarily 2. Consent must be given by an individual with the capacity and competence to understand 3. The patient must be given enough information so that the locus of the decisions lies within the patient and not the provider

question

what are nurse managers in charge of?

answer

all activities on their units, including patient care, continuous quality improvement, hiring and evaluations, resource management, and unit budgeting.

question

what is a clinical ladder?

answer

a multiple step program that begins with entry level staff nurse positions, and climbs as a nurse gains experience, participates in CE (continuing education), and become certified for higher positions.

question

what are ambulatory care settings?

answer

nurse based practices, physician based practices, free standing emergency rooms, free standing surgery centers

question

Delegation

answer

ANA's Code of Ethics for Nurses states, "The nurse must make reasonable efforts to assess individual competence when assigning selected components of nursing care to other healthcare workers. This assessment involves evaluating the knowledge, skills, and experience of the individual to whom the care is assigned, the complexity of the assigned tasks, and the health status of the patient... Nurses may not delegate responsibilities such as assessment and evaluation; they may delegate tasks... Employer policies or directives do not relieve the nurse of responsibility for making judgments about the delegation and assignment of nursing care tasks."

question

HIPAA regulations require several major patient protections

answer

-Patients are able to see and obtain copies of their medical records, generally within 30 days of their request, and to request corrections if they detect errors. -Providers must give patients written notice describing the provider's information practices and explaining patient's rights. Patients must be asked to agree to these practices by signing or initialing the notice. -Limitations are placed on the length of time records can be retrieved, what information can be shared, where it can shared, and who can be present when it is shared.

question

Identify factors related to the sender and receiver that can influence how a message is interpreted

answer

-Perception: is the selection, organization, and interpretation of incoming signals into meaningful messages -Evaluation: the analysis of received information -Transmission: the expression of information, verbal or nonverbal

question

Factors that influence perception, evaluation, and transmission

answer

-Gender -Age -Culture of sender and receiver -interest and mood of both parties -Value -Clarity -Length of message Presence or absence of feedback -Context

question

Therapeutic Use of Self

answer

The use of one's personality and communication skills to help patients

question

Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship

answer

-Orientation Phase: "getting to know you" -Working Phase: the nurse and patient address tasks outlined in the previous phase, "two steps forward and one backward" -Termination Phase: Includes activities that enable the patient and the nurse to end the relationship in a therapeutic manner

question

Keep aspects of collaboration

answer

-ID those who have stake in the outcome -ID the problem to be solved -ID barriers to creating a solution -Clarification of the desired outcomes -Clarification of the process -ID of who will be responsible for each step in task -Evaluation

question

Social relationships

answer

-Evolve spontaneously -Not time-limited -Not necessarily goal-directed -Centered on meeting both parties needs -Problem solving is rarely/occasionally a focus -May or may not include nonjudgemental acceptance -Outcome is pleasure for both parties

question

Professional relationships

answer

-Evolve through recognized phases -Limited in time with termination date often predetermined -Goal-directed -Centered on meeting patients needs -Problem solving is a primary focus -Includes nonjudgemental acceptance -Outcome is improved health status of patient

question

Steps in the research process

answer

1. Identification of a research problem - come from clinical situations, literature, or theories 2. Review of the literature - create a conceptual framework 3. Formulation of the research question or hypothesis 4. Design of the study - Experimental design: determine the effect of an intervention or to compare the responses of participants to 2+ more differing treatments. Also provide evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between actions -Non experimental design: "descriptive" or "exploratory" research because the investigator is seeking to increase knowledge base about a nursing phenomenon be doing careful, disciplined research. Types include surveys, descriptive comparisons, evaluation studies, and historical- documentary research 5. Implementation of study - Actual study is conducted. Two main tasks during this phase are data collection and data analysis 6. Drawing conclusions based on findings - Accurate presentation of the facts is the only requirement 7. Discussion and/or clinical implications 8. Dissemination of findings - Nurses doing research: addressing the problem of hypothermia in premature infants

question

Relationship of nursing research to nursing theory and practice

answer

-Are circular

question

Evidence- bases practice

answer

Approach to the delivery of health care that "integrates the best evidence from research studies and patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values"

question

Strategies to promote EBP and barriers to implementation

answer

PICOT -Population of interest -Intervention -Comparison -Outcome -Time

question

Nurse Scientist

answer

Study the various aspects of health, illness, and health care

question

Commonalities in various definitions of nursing

answer

-Nightingale: put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him -Shaw: nursing as an art: "It properly includes, as well as the execution of specific orders, administration of food and medicine, the personal care of the patient" -Harmer's textbook: the object of nursing is not only to cure the sick... but to bring health and ease, rest and comfort to mind and body. Its object is to prevent disease and to preserve health -Virginia Henderson: nursing may be defined as that service to an individual that helps him to attain or maintain a healthy state of mind or body -Hildegard Peplau: nursing is a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process... nursing is an educative instrument... that aims to promote forward movement of personality in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living

question

Benefits of defining nursing and how this is related to professional socialization

answer

-Defining nursing means that you have determined the essential elements of being a nurse: what a nurse is and what a nurse does -The goal of socialization is the development of professionalism -Professional socialization: process os internalization and development or modification of an occupational identity (for the RN retiring to school for a BSN degree, modification of an already-formed professional identity occurs) -The goal of socialization as a professional nurse is the development of a professional identity such that the attributes of nursing become "part of a nurse's personal and professional self-image and behavior"

question

Factors that influence an individuals professional socialization

answer

-Personal feelings and beliefs, some of which may conflict with professional values -Being bias -Structural conditions: one's professional role is shaped by rules -Cultural conditioning: traditions, symbols, language, and other idea systems in a society are at work in shaping how one becomes a fully socialized professional nurse

question

Bennett's model of socialization and how it applies to nursing

answer

1. Novice -has little background and limited practical skills; relies on rules and expectations of others for direction 2. Advanced beginner -has marginally competent skills; uses theory and principles much of the time; experiences difficulty establishing priorities 3. Competent practitioner -feels competent, organized; plans and sets goals; thinks abstractly and analytically; coordinates several tasks simultaneously 4. Proficient practitioner -views patients holistically; recognizes sublet changes; sets priorities with ease; focuses on long-term goals 5. Expert practitioner -performs fluidly; grasps patient needs automatically; responses are integrated; expertise comes naturally

question

Strategies to ease transition from student to professional nurse

answer

-Time management: ability to organize and prioritize nursing care for a group of patients is the key to good time management -Listen to gossip: help with the culture of the unit -Must adapt to collaborating with other nursing care personnel

question

Several note taking strategies

answer

-Note cards: repeated review -Category charts: compare and contrast -Flow charts: movement or change over time -Diagrams: used when expected to know the name, location, or arrangement of parts of an abject -Mapping: pictorial tool used to arrange complex topics

question

Characteristics of a profession

answer

-Intellectual and is accompanied by a high degree of individual responsibility -Based on a body of knowledge that can be learned and is developed and refined through research -Practical, in addition to being theoretical -Can be taught through a process of highly specialized professional education Strong internal organization of members and a well-developed group consciousness -Has practitioners who are motivated by altruism (desire to help others) and who are responsive to public interests

question

Characteristics between professions and occupations

answer

Occupation -Training may occur on the job -Length of training varies -Work is largely manual -Decision making is guided largely by experience or by trial and error -Values, beliefs, and ethics are not prominent features of preparation -Commitment and personal identification vary -Workers are supervised -People often change jobs -Material reward is main motivation -Accountability rests primarily with employer Profession -Education takes place in a college or university -Education is prolonged -Work involves mental creativity -Decision making is based largely on science or theoretical constructs (evidence-based practice) -Values, beliefs, and ethics are an integral part of preparation -Commitment and personal identification are strong -Workers are autonomous -People are likely to change professions -Commitment transcends material reward -Accountability rests with individual

question

Traditional and alternative ways of becoming a registered nurse as well the difference between licensure and certifications

answer

1. Diploma programs -hospital-based diploma program was the earliest form of nursing education -about 24 months in duration 2. Baccalaureate programs -was the start of the movement to bring nursing education into the recognized system of higher education 3. Associate degree programs -newest form of basic preparation for RN practice -began as a result of a post-World War II nursing shortage -now the most common type of basic nursing education program and graduate the most RN candidates of all basic programs -community colleges 4. External degree programs -students attend no classes -learning is independent and is assessed through highly standardized and validated competency-based outcome assessments 5. Articulated programs -purpose of articulation is to facilitate opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder -LPN,LVN,ADN,BSN,MSN -Licensure: refers to state regulation of the practice of nursing. Required of individuals at the entry point to practice and must be renewed periodically -Certification: goes beyond licensure by validating a high level of knowledge and proficiency in a particular practice area. Has professional but not legal status

question

Importance of self-care

answer

-Caring for yourself is foundational to being able to care for others -Achieving balance through a variety of practices and activities is important to your health, which will allow you to be more effective in all the roles you fulfill in your life

question

Impact of nursing burnout and compassion fatigue on patient care

answer

-Compassion fatigue: a condition in which one experiences loss of physical energy, burn out, accident process, emotional breakdowns, apathy, indifference, poor judgement, & disinterest in being introspective -Negative feelings interfere with the ability to maintain a caring attitude and drain caring out of our interactions with others

question

Effect of incivility and disruptive behavior in both classroom and workplace

answer

-Bullying between people -Starts with common behaviors that are distracting, annoying, or irritating to others -Poor communication -Unprofessional behaviors negatively affect patient outcomes and behaviors -Occurs when people are stressed and feel powerless -Can briefly give one a sense of control or power

question

How the nursing profession has evolved

answer

-Male students were not allowed in the early nursing schools that enrolled women -Chicago World Fair was a turning point: several influential nursing leaders of the century gathered to share ideas and discuss issues pertaining to nursing education

question

How the public sees nurses

answer

Nurses are well respected by the public and enjoy a generally positive image

question

How nursing has reacted to nursing shortages and how those affect patient outcomes

answer

-Increase the supply of nurses and create a less-trained worked to supplement the number of nurses -Qualified applicants aften denied admission to US schools of nursing because of insufficient numbers of faculty

question

Guidelines and benefits of preceding for lectures

answer

Guidelines -Skimming: no more than 10-15 minutes -Looking for main ideas -Vocabulary and new terms or abbreviations -Discovering patterns -Analyzing Benefits -Saves time -Helps you understand more from lecture -Speeds up reading -Gets you started unmaking study notes more quickly

question

Working definition of critical thinking

answer

-The thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them

question

Characteristics of a critical thinker

answer

-Raises questions and problems and formulates them clearly and precisely -Gathers and assesses relevant info, using abstract ideas for interpretation -Arrives at conclusions and solutions that are well reasoned and tests them against relevant standards -Open-minded and recognizes alternative ways of seeing problems and has the ability to assess the assumptions, implications, and consequences of alternative views of problems Communicates effectively with others as solutions to complex problems are formulated

question

How a nurse uses critical thinking and clinical judgment in practice

answer

-Nurses who think critically are engaged in a process of constant evaluation, redirection, improvement, and increased efficiency -Critically thinking skills provide you with a powerful means of determining patient needs, interpreting physician orders, and intervening appropriately -Know the limitations of your expertise

question

Novice thinking and expert thinking

answer

Novice -Organize knowledge as separate facts. Rely heavily on resources. Lack knowledge gained from actually doing -Focus so much on actions that they may not fully assess before acting -Need and follow clear-cut rules -Often hampered by unawareness of resources -Hindered by anxiety and lack of self-confidence -Rely on step-by-step procedures and follow standards and policies rigidly -Focus more on performing procedures correctly than on patients response to procedure -Limited knowledge of suspected problems -Learn more readily when matched with a supporter Expert -Store knowledge in a highly organized and structured manner, recall info easier -Assess and consider diff. options for intervening before acting -Know which rules are flexible and when its appropriate to bend rules -Aware of resources -Self-confident -Know when its safe to skip steps or do steps together - Comfortable with rethinking a procedure

question

Purposes and phases of the nursing process

answer

1. Assessment -info about patient, family, or community is gathered -two types: Subjective data: obtained from patients as they describe their needs, feelings, strengths, & perceptions of problem. Objective data: collect through observation, examination, or consultation. data is measured 2. Analysis -group and cluster data so problems can be identified 3. Planning -identify patient goals and determine ways to reach those goals 4. Implementation -occurs when nursing orders are actually carried out 5. Evaluation -nurse examines patients progress in relation to the goals and outcome criteria to determine whether a problem is resolved, process of being resolved, or unresolved

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