Jean Watson’s Philosophy of Nursing – Flashcards
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Assumptions
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1. Caring only interpersonal 2. Carative factors --> satisfaction of human needs 3. Caring promotes health/growth 4. Caring responses accept person 5. Caring environment --> offers development, allows pt to choose best action for themselves 6. Caring is "healthogenic" 7. Caring central to nursing
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Primary Carative Factors
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1. Humanistic-altruistic value system 2. Faith-hope 3. Sensitivity 4. Helping-trust relationship 5. Acceptance of expression of feelings 6. Scientific problem-solving 7. Interpersonal teaching-learning 8. Supportive, protective, corrective environment 9. Assistance with needs 10. Existential-phenomenological forces
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Humanistic-Altruistic System
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Begins at early age w/ parental values Mediated through life experiences, learning and exposure Necessary to maturation
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Faith/Hope
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Essential to caring and curing Nurse can use this even when modern science has nothing further to offer patient
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Sensitivity
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Feel emotion as presented Development needed to interact with others Makes nurse more authentic
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Helping-Trust Relationship
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Communication Requires congruence, empathy, warmth
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Feelings
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Alter thoughts/behavior Must be considered Awareness helps understand behaviors
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Scientific Problem Solving
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Allows for control, prediction Permits self correction Caring should not always be neutral and objective
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Interpersonal Teaching-Learning
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Nurse must focus on both processes Understand pt perception to assist in planning
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Supportive Environment
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External/internal variables - Interdependent Nurse manipulates to provide support/protection Comfort, safety, privacy
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Lower Order Needs
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Biophysical - Food, fluid, elimination, ventilation Psychosocial - Activity-inactivity, sexuality
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Higher Order Needs
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Achievement, affiliation, self-actualization
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Phenomenology
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Way of understanding people from the way things appear to them From their frame of reference
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Existential Psychology
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Study of human existence using phenomenological analysis - View pt holistically and attend to hierarchical needs
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Human Being
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Valued person in and of him or herself - Cared, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted - Fully functional integrated self - Greater than and different from the sum of his/her parts
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Health
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High level of physical, mental, social functioning Adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning Absence of illness
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Environment/Society
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Caring has existed in all - Not transmitted from generation to generation - Transmitted by culture of profession, unique way to cope with environment
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Nursing
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Promoting health, preventing illness, caring for sick and restoring health Holistic health care central Science of persons and human health-illness experiences
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Watson's Theory
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Logical Simple Generalizable Based on studies that ask questions Guides/improves practice
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Watson's Strengths
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Places client in context of family, community, culture Focus of practice
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Watson's Limitations
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Biophysical needs are given less important Deliniate psychosocial needs of person
