Research: Ch. 8 Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks – Flashcards
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Theory
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An abstraction that purports to account for or explain phenomena
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Classical Theory
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Classical theory—an abstract generalization that systematically explains relationships among phenomena
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Descriptive Theory
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Descriptive theory—a theory that thoroughly describes a phenomenon, based on rich observations of it
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Grand Theory
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Grand theory—a theory that attempts to explain large aspects of human experiences
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Middle-Range Theory
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Middle-range theory—a theory that focuses on a specific aspect of human experience (e.g., stress)
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Models
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Deal with abstractions, assembled in a coherent scheme Represent a more loosely structured attempt to explain phenomena than theories Can serve as springboards for generating hypotheses
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Framework
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The overall conceptual underpinnings of a study Theoretical framework (based on theory) Conceptual framework (based on a conceptual model)
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Commonalities: Theories and Conceptual Models
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Use concepts as building blocks Require conceptual definitions of key concepts Can be represented in a schematic model Are created by humans Are developed inductively Cannot be proven—they are supported to greater or lesser degrees. Can be used to generate hypotheses Can serve as a stimulus to research
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Conceptual Models of Nursing
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Formal explanations of what nursing practice is Four concepts central to models of nursing: Human beings Environment Health Nursing
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Mid range theories focus on what? Name some examples of mid range theories.
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Middle-range theories focus on more specific phenomena. Beck's Theory of Postpartum Depression (2012) Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory (Mishel, 1990) Pender's Health Promotion Model (2006)
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Conceptual models of nursing that have been used in nursing research include:
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Roy's Adaptation Model
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Shared Theories ex.
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Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model Becker's Health Belief Model (HBM) Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Lazarus and Folkman's Theory of Stress and Coping
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Key constructs from shared theories
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Self-efficacy (Social Cognitive Theory) Stages of change (Transtheoretical Model) Behavioral intentions (Theory of Planned Behavior)
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Theories in qualitative
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Substantive theory Grounded theory Ethnography Phenomenology
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Substantive theory
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conceptualizations of the target phenomena Theory embedded in a research tradition
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Grounded theory
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(e.g., symbolic interactionism)
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Ethnography
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(cultural theories: ideational and materialistic)
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Phenomenology
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(the phenomenological philosophy of human experience)
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Use of theories or models in quantitative research
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Testing a theory through deducing hypothesis to be tested Testing a theory-based intervention Using a theory/model as an organizing or interpretive structure Fitting a problem into theory, after the fact (not recommended)
