question

Florence Nightengale

answer

Crimean War Initiated aseptic technique reduced mortality by 40% reformatted hospitals: sunshine, moved pts away from each other, clean

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Lillian Wald

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started concept of Community Health Henry Street Settlement sliding scale fee started visiting nurse service

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Mildred Montage

answer

created ADN program (w/Columbia. Pilot program at OCCC)

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Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG)

answer

establish a pre-determined amount of money that would pay for a specific illness. Nurses have to think in cost-effective terms

question

The Nursing Practice Act

answer

Regulates practice of nursing defines what a nurse is Determines the scope of practice Describes the procedures necessary to enter into nursing practice Defines the length of time that license is valid and necessary mandatory continuing education

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The Nursing Practice Act (paraphrase)

answer

Statement that defines what nurses do to protect health and safety of citizens of state, description of responsibilities of nurse. This protects the title of RN. Only people who meet qualifications can use title of 'RN'

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LPN

answer

under RN or doctor cannot assess condition b/p, pulses, vitals and report no teaching no evaluating of treatment

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Diploma-Based

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"work" in a hospital and once completed you can take boards to become an RN

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Associate's Degree

answer

2-year degree

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Baccalaureate

answer

4 yr (Nurse Generalist)

question

Nurse Practitioner ; Clinical Nurse Specialist

answer

additional hours of clinical practice over Master's Degree. Guidance of NP or CNS

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Doctorate

answer

designing own research

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Health

answer

a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and note merely the absence of disease or infirmity exists on a continuum

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Illness

answer

a product of the disharmonious interaction (disease) among mind, body, emotions and spirit... it can be a signal that a person's important needs are not being met

question

Modifiable Factors of Health

answer

diet, weight, social interaction, environmental factors

question

Not modifiable factors of health

answer

diabetes, cancer, chromosomal, congenital

question

Health Promotion

answer

activities such as routine exercise and good nutrition help patients maintain or enhance their present levels of health Motivate people to act positively to reach more stable levels of health.

question

Wellness Education

answer

teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way and includes topics such as physical awareness, stress management, and self-responsibility

question

Illness Prevention

answer

activities such as immunization programs protect patients from actual or potential threats to health. They motivate people to avoid declines in health or functional levels

question

Passive strategies of health promotion

answer

individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves fluoridation of municipal drinking water and the fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D

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Active strategies of health promotion

answer

individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs. weight reduction and smoking cessation programs require that patients be actively involved in measures to improve their present and future levels of wellness while decreasing the risk of disease

question

Airborne Precautions

answer

(measles, chickenpox, tuberculosis) Private room, negative-pressure airflow of at least 6-12 exchanges per hour. mask or respiratory device, N95 respirator

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Droplet Precautions

answer

(Diphtheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, pertussis, pneumonic plague) Private room or cohort patients, mask or respirator required

question

Contact Precautions

answer

(VRE, MRSA, C-Diff, Shigella) private room or cohort patients, gloves, gowns

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Protective Environment

answer

(allogenic hematopoeietic stem cell transplants) private room, positive airflow with 12 or more air exchanges per hour, HEPA, make to be worn by patient when out of room during times of construction in area

question

Components of Infection Cycle

answer

host, reservoir, infectious agent, portal of exit, method of transmission, portal of entry

question

Infectious Agents

answer

bacteria, fungus, parasites, viruses, helminths

question

Factors affecting an organism's potential to produce disease

answer

1 # of organisms 2 strength/virulence 3 length of contact between patient & microorganism 4 competence of immune system

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What is Aseptic Technique?

answer

clean, without infection (infectious agents)

question

List all activities to break the chain of infection

answer

HAND WASHING infection control procedures

question

Medical Asepsis Surgical Asepsis

answer

handwashing, wearing gloves Sterile technique

question

Stages of Infection

answer

- Incubation period - Prodromal Stage -Full/Acute -Convalescent period

question

What is prodromal?

answer

stage of infectious process. person is most infectious, will have vague and nonspecific signs of disease

question

Body's defenses against infection

answer

-Body's normal flora -Inflammatory/Immune response - skin - mouth/mucous membranes - respiratory tract - urinary tract - gastrointestinal tract - vagina

question

Infection control

answer

Standard Precautions Airborne, droplet, contact precautions

question

Reservoir

answer

natural environment that pathogen requires for survival

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Virulence

answer

disease's severity, pathogen's infectivity how many

question

List 3 infections agents

answer

bacteria virus parasites (fungus, helminths)

question

List transmission based precautions

answer

1) Standard precautions 2) airborne 3) droplet 4) contact

question

Contact Precautions

answer

single-patient room preferred (more than 3' separation between patients) gown and glove for all contact put on ppe upon entry to room discard ppe before exiting room

question

Droplet precautions

answer

single-patient room preferred (more that 3' separation with curtain drawn) wear a mask when in close contact put on a mask upon entry to patient's room when transport is required, mask on patient

question

Airborne precautions

answer

-airborne infection isolation room preferred (AIIR) -If AIIR room is not available, make patient and place in private room with door closed until AIIR available -healthcare employees should wear masks/respirators depending on disease-specific recommendation -mask/respirator should be put on BEFORE entering room non-immune employees should not be assigned to patient

question

Optimal functioning

answer

patient is using all powers

question

Health promotion

answer

- physical -mental -social -spiritual

question

Evidence Based Practice

answer

activities in which we engage based on research found to be appropriate and effective in helping us care for our clients

question

Standard precautions (Universal precautions)

answer

HAND WASHING!!!!

question

Nursing Process

answer

means by which we solve problems with/for our patients

question

Professional Nursing Organizations

answer

- NLN National League for Nursing - ANA American Nurses Association (federal ; subdivisions in each state)

question

ANA American Nurses Association

answer

establishes model practice acts that specify what activities RNs may do Scope ; standards of practice Code of Ethics IN EACH STATE - NY - NYSNA New York State Nurses Assoc

question

Difference between signs and symptoms

answer

Signs are objective and can be seen, felt, heard by provider Symptoms are only felt by patient (nausea, headache)

question

Objective signs

answer

any signs that any examiner would see, hear, feel Elevated temp, raised BP

question

Subjective signs

answer

a sign the examiner cannot see nausea, headache

question

acute illness

answer

generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts a short time examples: appendicitis, pneumonia, common cold

question

Chronic illness

answer

a permanent change, causes or is caused by irreversible alterations in normal a;p, requires a long period of care or support examples: diabetes mellitus, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, arthritis, lupus

question

Levels of Preventive Care

answer

- Primary: diet, exercise, immunizations -Secondary: screenings, mammograms, well baby visits -Tertiary: after Dx, surgery, rehabilitation, physical therapy

question

Signs of infections

answer

- fatigue - hyper-metabolic state, increases temp - fever, body's natural defense, kills hemoglobin which bacteria rely on -n/v/d - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea -color of sputum - coughing -UTI

question

Social Communication

answer

expected to last for long length of time. Used for entertainment, etc

question

Therapeutic Communication

answer

- limited time together -patient focused -has 3 stages: orientation (getting to know patient) working (setting goals, instructing) termination (end of therapeutic relationship)

question

Maslows Pyramid

answer

Self-Actualization Ego (esteem) Social (belonging) Safety/Security Physiological

question

Nursing Maslow's pyramid

answer

sleep rest activity elimination nutrition fluid (blood, etc) oxygenation (Circulation, Breathing, Airway)

question

Erikson's levels of development

answer

1 Infancy trust vs mistrust 2 early childhood autonomy vs shame, doubt 3 years 3-5 initiative vs guilt 4 years 6-puberty industry vs inferiority 5 adolescence identity vs confusion 6 early adulthood intimacy vs isolation 7 middle adulthood generativity vs stagnation 8 old age integrity vs despair

question

stress

answer

response to something causing anxiety reaction to a perceived threat involuntary EPINEPHRINE

question

anxiety

answer

reaction to stress

question

5 signs of inflammation

answer

1 heat 2 swelling 3 redness 4 pain 5 loss of function

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