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Health

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state of optimal functioning or well-being

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Licensure

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to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements

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Nurse practice act

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law established to regulate nursing practice

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Nursing

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profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health

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Nursing process

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five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating

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Profession

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an occupation that meets specific criteria including a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, a code of ethics and standards, ongoing research, and autonomy

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Reciprocity

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process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state

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Standards

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acceptable, expected level of performance established by authority, custom, or consent

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Animism

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This theory attempted to explain the cause of mysterious changes in bodily functions and was based on the belief that everything in nature was alive with invisible forces and endowed with power. Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness and death.

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to nourish

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The word nurse originated from the Latin word nutrix, meaning...

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Florence Nightingale

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This individual defined nursing as both an art and a science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education; published books about nursing and health care; is regarded as the founder of modern nursing

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Clara Barton

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This individual volunteered to care for wounds and feed Union soldiers during the Civil War; served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882

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Dorothea Dix

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This individual served as superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War; was given the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and equipping a corps of army nurses; was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill

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Mary Ann Bickerdyke

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This individual organized diet kitchens, laundries, and an ambulance service, and supervised nursing staff during the Civil War

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Louise Schuyler

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This individual was a nurse during the Civil War; returned to New York and organized the New York Charities Aid Association to improve care of the sick in Bellevue Hospital; recommended standards for nursing education

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Linda Richards

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This individual graduated in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice of keeping records and writing orders

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Jane Addams

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This individual provided social services within a neighborhood setting; a leader for women's rights; recipient of the 1931 Nobel Peace prize

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Lillian Wald

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This individual established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East Side in New York City; the founder of public health nursing

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Mary Elizabeth Mahoney

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This individual graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America's first African American nurse

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Harriet Tubman

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This individual was a nurse and an abolitionist; active in the underground railroad movement before joining the Union Army during the Civil War

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Nora Gertrude Livingston

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This individual established a training program for nurses at the Montreal General Hospital (the first 3-year program in North America)

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Mary Agnes Snively

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This individual was the director of the nursing school at Toronto General Hospital and one of the founders of the Canadian Nurses Association

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Sojourner Truth

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This individual provided nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War and worked for the women's movement

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Isabel Hampton Robb

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This individual was a leader in nursing and nursing education; organized the nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital; initiated policies that included limiting the number of hours in a day's work and wrote a textbook to help student learning; the first president of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (which later became the American Nurses Association) 20th Century

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Mary Adelaide Nutting

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This individual became the first professor of nursing in the world as a faculty member of Teachers' College, Columbia University; with Lavinia Dock, published the four-volumeHistory of Nursing

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Elizabeth Smellie

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This individual was a member of the original Victorian Order of Nurses for Canada (a group that provided public health nursing); organized the Canadian Women's Army Corps during World War II

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Lavinia Dock

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This individual was a nursing leader and women's rights activist; instrumental in the Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote

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Mary Breckenridge

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This individual established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery schools in the United States

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Margaret Sanger

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This individual was the founder of Planned Parenthood

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Patient; physical, emotional, social, spiritual

answer

What is the central focus in all definitions of nursing and what four dimensions does this focus encompass?

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The Scope of Nursing Practice

answer

In 1987, the ANA published what document?

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Scope and Standards of Advanced Practice Registered Nursing

answer

In 1996, the ANA published what document?

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Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice

answer

In 2004, the ANA published what document?

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Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2nd edition.

answer

In 2010, the ANA published what document?

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To promote health To prevent illness To restore health To facilitate coping with disability or death

answer

What are the four broad aims of nursing practice?

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Caregiver

answer

The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs. In this role, the nurse integrates the roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death. This role is the primary role of the nurse.

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Communicator

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This nursing role includes the use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings

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Teacher/Educator

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This nursing role includes the use of communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families

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Counselor

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This nursing role includes the use of therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills

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Leader

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This nursing role includes the assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups

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Researcher

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This role of nursing involves the participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care

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Advocate

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This role of nursing involves the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives

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Collaborator

answer

This role of nursing involves the effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care

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Wellness

answer

This term, often associated with health, is an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health.

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Health Literacy

answer

This term refers to the ability of patients to obtain, process, and understand the basic information needed to make appropriate decisions about health.

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Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

answer

Healthy People 2020 establishes health promotion guidelines for the nation as a whole. The guidelines are focused on meeting what four overarching goals?

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Prevention

answer

A term referring to an anticipatory action taken to prevent the occurrence of an event or to minimize its effects after it has occurred

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Reduce the risk for illness Promote good health habits Maintain optimal functioning

answer

What are the three objectives of illness-prevention activities?

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Licensure

answer

A term referring to the legal authority to practice as a nursing professional

question

(1) diploma (2) associate degree (3) baccalaureate programs

answer

What are the three types of educational programs that traditionally lead to licensure as an RN?

question

Clinical nurse specialist

answer

A nurse with an advanced degree, education, or experience who is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing; carries out direct patient care; consultation; teaching of patients, families, and staff; and research

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Nurse practitioner

answer

A nurse with an advanced degree, certified for a special area or age of patient care; works in a variety of health care settings or in independent practice to make health assessments and deliver primary care

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Nurse anesthetist

answer

A nurse who completes a course of study in an anesthesia school; carries out preoperative visits and assessments; administers and monitors anesthesia during surgery; and evaluates postoperative status of patients

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Nurse-midwife

answer

A nurse who completes a program in midwifery; provides prenatal and postnatal care; and delivers babies for women with uncomplicated pregnancies

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Nurse educator

answer

A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who teaches in educational or clinical settings; teaches theoretical knowledge and clinical skills; conducts research

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Nurse administrator

answer

A nurse who functions at various levels of management in health care settings; is responsible for the management and administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care

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Nurse researcher

answer

A nurse with an advanced degree who conducts research relevant to the definition and improvement of nursing practice and education

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Nurse entrepreneur

answer

A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who may manage a clinic or health-related business, conduct research, provide education, or serve as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political agencies, or businesses

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Nurse practice acts

answer

This term refers to laws established in each state in the United States to regulate the practice of nursing.

question

Reciprocity

answer

This term refers to the allowance of a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state.

question

Assessing Diagnosing Planning Implementing Evaluating

answer

What are the 5 essential activities involved in the nursing process?

question

A growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and more acutely ill Increasing health care costs The need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology

answer

Note the 3 critical challenges the National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice (NACNEP) identifies for nursing practice in the 21st century?

question

Delegation

answer

__________________ involves the transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity to another individual while retaining accountability for the outcome.

question

The state Nursing Practice Act must permit delegation and outline the authorized task(s) to be delegated or authorize the RN to decide delegation. The person making the delegation has the appropriate qualifications: appropriate education, skills and experience, as well as current competency. The person receiving the delegation must have the appropriate qualifications: appropriate education, training, skills and experience, as well as evidence of current competency.

answer

What are the three criteria to be considered by the RN when deciding to delegate care activities?

question

critical thinking or professional judgment.

answer

According to the ANA and NCSBN (2006), the delegated task(s) must not require what?

question

Right task Right circumstances Right person Right direction/communication Right supervision

answer

Note the 5 Rights of Delegation.

PNC – Chapter 1 – Introduction to Nursing – Flashcards

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