Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology(11) Activity Lab 13 – Flashcards

What lowers the surface tension of fluid lining the alveoli, preventing collapse of the lung? pleural fluid surfactant water alveolar macrophages

What part of the respiratory passageway primarily functions to warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air? nasal cavity trachea nasopharynx larynx

Where are the alveoli found? in the lungs in the conducting zone in the bronchioles in the pleural cavity

Which of these respiratory organs is located in the neck? oropharynx alveolar duct primary bronchus larynx

By which of these are tiny dust particles removed from alveolar surfaces? cilia macrophages mucus cilia and mucus

What keeps the visceral and parietal pleural membranes in contact with each other? pleural fluid basement membrane elastic fibers desmosomes

Under what circumstances might a person have a cleft palate? if the person's mother was over the age of 35 when she gave birth if as a baby the person was dropped and suffered a facial injury if there is a family history of cleft palate All of these are circumstances that could lead to a cleft palate.

If the Heimlich maneuver is unsuccessful, an emergency __________ should be performed. tracheostomy gastrotomy tonsillectomy appendectomy

Roberto is complaining of chest pain when he inhales, shortness of breath, and a stabbing sensation. Roberto most likely has __________. chronic bronchitis cystic fibrosis rhinitis pleurisy

Which of the following does NOT describe the respiratory membrane? Choose the best answer. composed of pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells composed largely of thin layers of squamous cells contains surfactant secreting cells air-blood barrier where gas exchange occurs by simple diffusion composed of the alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

During inhalation, the diaphragm and rib muscles contract. air moves up the trachea. the diaphragm relaxes. oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? Trachea Alveoli Nose Bronchioles Bronchi

Which statement is correct? Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells. In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration. As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated.

After blood becomes oxygenated, it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs. it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth. it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen.

Hemoglobin has five subunits. is the site of cellular respiration. is found in blood plasma. is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen. uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells.

What term is used for the movement of oxygen into the blood of pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide into the alveolar air? external respiration internal respiration respiratory gas transport pulmonary ventilation

What is the pressure in the lungs during inspiration? the same as atmospheric air pressure higher than atmospheric air pressure lower than atmospheric air pressure lower than intrapleural pressure

What term refers to the air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation? dead space volume residual volume vital capacity expiratory reserve volume

What is the role of bicarbonate ion in gas transport? transports most of the oxygen eliminates carbon monoxide transports most of the carbon dioxide activates hemoglobin

Where are respiratory control centers located? pons and medulla cerebellum lungs cerebrum

Which of these will cause the buildup of CO2 that decreases blood pH? stimulation of the phrenic nerves hyperpnea eupnea apnea

What term describes the movement of air into and out of the lungs? external respiration internal respiration pulmonary ventilation cellular respiration

Which muscles contract to decrease thoracic volume and raise intrapulmonary pressure? diaphragm and external intercostal muscles external intercostal muscles internal intercostal muscles internal and external intercostal muscles

Which term describes the volume of air that CANNOT be exhaled? residual volume inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) tidal volume (TV) vital capacity (VC)

Which of these nonrespiratory movements can have a protective effect for the respiratory system? yawn laugh cough hiccup

By what process does oxygen move from the alveoli into the blood of the pulmonary capillaries? circulation ventilation simple diffusion active transport

How is most carbon dioxide transported from body cells to the lungs? as carbonic acid as bicarbonate ion as carbon monoxide as molecular CO2

What part of the brain stimulates the phrenic and intercostal nerves causing the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract? medulla oblongata cerebrum pons cerebellum

What is the main stimulus for increasing pulmonary ventilation during aerobic exercise? conscious effort increased concentration of carbon dioxide in blood increased body temperature psychological sense of fatigue

Which of these events will occur with hyperventilation? Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels both rise. Oxygen rises higher than it can get with normal ventilation. Carbon dioxide level drops, and blood pH falls. Carbon dioxide level drops, and blood pH rises.

Which of these events will occur with voluntary breath-holding? Apnea will automatically be stimulated. Increases in carbon dioxide and H+ will override voluntary control and breathing will resume. Oxygen levels will drop until consciousness will be lost. Carbon dioxide levels will fall and acidosis will result.

Micah visits his doctor complaining of a frontal headache and pressure over his cheekbones and eyes. He is congested and has a nasal discharge. Micah's voice has an odd nasal sound. What is the doctor's diagnosis of Micah's condition? sinusitis tonsillitis pleurisy rhinitis

What is atelectasis? hiccups, which are nonrespiratory air movements alveoli fusion, which results in a decrease in surface area for external respiration excessive mucus production, which inhibits external respiration lung collapse, which results in a loss of a pressure gradient

On listening to Harold's chest with her stethoscope, Dr. Singh heard rales. What does this sound indicate? thickened bronchial walls air filling the alveoli decreased gas exchange All of these are sounds are indicated by rales.

Elwin began to experience flulike symptoms that quickly progressed into a severe headache. He became confused and his skin took on a cherry-red color. What is wrong with Elwin? He has emphysema. He has sinusitis. He has apnea. He has carbon monoxide poisoning.

Actress Marilyn Monroe took an overdose of a barbiturate, which caused her to stop breathing and led to her death. What part of Marilyn Monroe's brain was suppressed that caused her to stop breathing? cerebrum medulla pons hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that influences the respiratory rate? Choose the best answer. exercise crying amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood talking increased body temperature

What respiratory disorder is characterized by enlarged alveoli and pulmonary fibrosis? dyspnea chronic bronchitis lung cancer emphysema

Which disorder involves inflammation and excess mucus secretion in the lower respiratory passages? chronic bronchitis dyspnea sinusitis emphysema

Turner, a 5-year-old boy, is experiencing difficulty breathing through his nose, pain on swallowing, and pain and discomfort in his lungs. Turner most likely has __________. sinusitis bronchitis rhinitis tonsillitis

In patients with emphysema, what is the main stimulus of respiratory regulation? low CO2 levels in the CSF low O2 levels in the CSF high CO2 levels in the CSF high O2 levels in the CSF

Which of the following conditions is NOT characteristic of emphysema? pinkish skin barrel chest eupnea lung fibrosis

Ravinder has lung cancer. A biopsy reveals small grapelike clusters of lymphocyte-like cells in the mediastinum. What type of lung cancer does Ravinder have? thoracic cancer adenocarcinoma squamous cell carcinoma small cell carcinoma

Why does vital capacity decrease in old age? The diameter of the trachea decreases, making it harder to get air into and out of the lungs. The elasticity of the lungs increases, causing the lungs to collapse. The diaphragm weakens with age. The chest wall becomes more rigid and the lungs lose their elasticity.

Caroline is a chain smoker with a respiratory infection. When Caroline coughs, it is often a dry cough with no mucus being expelled. What respiratory structures have been compromised? conchae cilia alveoli pleura

The main reason apnea occurs is __________. low carbon dioxide levels acidosis high carbon dioxide levels alkalosis

Premature babies commonly suffer from infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), which results from lack of alveolar surfactant. What does this surfactant prevent that is the problem in IRDS? alveolar tearing alveolar fusion alveolar collapse All of the problems listed are prevented by the presence of alveolar surfactant.

Jamal was born exhibiting secretion of copious amounts of thick mucus, severe digestive problems, and extremely salty perspiration. Jamal has __________. apnea pleurisy infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) cystic fibrosis

Which of the following is a practice that has led to a sharp decline in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? clapping infants on their backs to release mucus placing infants on their backs to sleep parents' sleeping with their infants More than one of these practices have led to a sharp decline in SIDS.

Which of the following statements describe the normal changes that occur in respiratory system functioning from infancy to old age? Select all correct statements. Premature infants have problems keeping their lungs inflated because of lack of surfactant in their alveoli. In old age, the thorax becomes more flexible, and lungs become more elastic. Many old people tend to become hypoxic during sleep and exhibit sleep apnea. The lungs are completely mature at birth.