Campbell Biology Key Concept Quiz Ch 23 – Flashcards

Which of the following describes a system in which fluid is pumped through open-ended vessels, where it is allowed to flow out among the cells and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid? closed circulatory system central gastrovascular cavity open circulatory system capillaries

Which of the following has a single-circuit system of circulating blood? bears fish frogs birds

Which of the following accurately describes double circulation? Blood is carried between the heart and the rest of the body. Blood travels from gill capillaries to systemic capillaries and back to the heart. Blood is carried between the heart and lungs, where gas exchange occurs. Blood is vigorously pumped between the heart and lungs and from the heart to the rest of the body.

The role of ventricles is to _____. receive blood from a vein pump blood to veins receive blood from an artery pump blood to arteries

The aorta receives _____ blood from the _____. oxygen-rich ... left ventricle oxygen-poor ... left ventricle oxygen-rich ... right ventricle oxygen-poor ... right ventricle

During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, _____. the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are open the heart is relaxed and all of the valves are closed the atrioventricular valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed

Cardiac output is a measure of _____. the rate at which the atria will fill during diastole the contraction of the atria to force blood into the ventricles the volume of blood per minute pumped from the left ventricle the total volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle in a person's lifetime

During a heartbeat, the AV node _____. sets the pace of the heart delays the signal from the pacemaker to cardiac muscle fibers triggers strong contractions that propel blood from the heart relays electrical signals to the apex of the heart

Atherosclerosis is _____. a blockage of arteries in the head that leads to death of brain tissue the insertion and inflation of a balloon to widen blocked arteries the accumulation of plaques or cholesterol along the inner walls of arteries, causing a narrowing of the blood vessels a blockage of coronary arteries that leads to death of cardiac muscle cells

How do arteries regulate blood flow? by allowing blood to flow back to the heart at low velocity and pressure by constricting or relaxing their smooth muscle layer by shifting blood flow toward or away from the surface of the body through the use of one-way valves that permit blood flow only toward the heart

You are studying a vessel with a smooth muscle layer and valves. What kind of vessel could this be? capillary artery vein arteriole

Which of the following has the highest blood pressure? the aorta the arterioles the venules the capillaries

Which of the following would be considered to be indicative of hypertension? 120/80 135/70 130/90 120/110

Which of the following individuals would be predicted to be at greatest risk for developing hypertension? an overweight 45-year-old Caucasian male a 45-year-old African American male who smokes an active 25-year-old Caucasian female an active 35-year-old African American male

Precapillary sphincters _____. adjust the rate at which blood enters a capillary bed regulate the distribution of blood control how much blood enters digestive tissues control how much blood leaves a capillary bed

Why do water and solutes leave capillaries at the arterial end? The blood has a higher velocity in arteries than in veins. There are clefts present at the arterial end. Osmotic pressure is greater than blood pressure at the arterial end. Blood pressure is greater than osmotic pressure at the arterial end.

What process are leukocytes involved in? maintenance of osmotic balance between blood and interstitial fluid blood clotting fighting infections oxygen transport

Which of the following is an example of a condition that could lead to anemia? excessive undetected blood loss kidney's overproduction of erythropoietin leukemia high levels of iron

A blood clot consists of _____. platelets fibrin, platelets, and blood cells fibrinogen and platelets fibrinogen

A thrombus is a _____. clot that forms in the absence of injury and travels, causing a block in another artery blood clot that forms at sites of injury plasma protein involved in clotting cell type involved in clotting

Why do leukemia patients sometimes need a bone marrow transplant? A bone marrow transplant may be needed to counteract the increase in white blood cell count with a greater number of red blood cells. Leukemia causes a person's own bone marrow to stop producing erythrocytes. Leukemia treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, destroy the patient's own marrow. If the patient does not respond to standard chemotherapy and radiation treatments, a bone marrow transplant is another treatment option.