Campbell Biology Ch 28 Key Concept Quiz – Flashcards

Sarah turns quickly and sees the soccer ball hurtling toward her face. She blinks and ducks for cover. During this reaction, Sarah perceived the ball, decided what to do, and then blinked. Which choice lists the cells that were involved in this process from first to last? -sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons (all cells that belong to the PNS) -motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons (all cells that are part of the PNS) -sensory neurons (part of the PNS), interneurons (part of the CNS), and motor neurons (part of the PNS) -sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons (all cells that belong to the CN

Which of the following statements is FALSE? -Most of the nervous system consists of neurons. -The myelin sheath limits the points where signals can be transmitted along the length of an axon. -A neuron typically has many more dendrites than axons. -As a signal travels down a myelinated axon, the signal jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next node of Ranvier.

In a resting neuron, the inside of the cell is _____. -positive relative to the outside of the cell because the myelin sheath around the axon carries a negative charge -negative relative to the outside of the cell because of differences in ionic composition of the fluids inside and outside of the cell -positive relative to the outside of the cell because only positively charged ions are allowed into the cell -negative relative to the outside of the cell because the myelin sheath around the axon carries a positive charge

The rapid flip-flop of a neuron's membrane potential occurs as _____. -sodium ions rush into the neuron and then other sodium ions rush out -potassium ions rush into the neuron and then sodium ions rush out -potassium ions rush into the neuron and then other potassium ions rush out -sodium ions rush into the neuron and then potassium ions rush out

Which of the following choices correctly describes an action potential? -An action potential is an all-or-none event moving in two directions. A stronger stimulus generates a faster frequency moving back and forth between the central nervous system and the sensory structure. -An action potential is a graded event moving in one direction. A stronger stimulus generates a stronger action potential moving to the central nervous system from the sensory structure. -An action potential is a graded event moving in two directions. A stronger stimulus generates a stronger action potential moving back and forth between the central nervous system and the sensory structure. -An action potential is an all-or-none event moving in one direction. A stronger stimulus generates a faster frequency of action potentials moving to the central nervous system from the sensory structure.

What role do neurotransmitters play in neuron communication? -They regulate rhythmic muscle contractions, such as those that occur in the small intestine. -They are accepted into the receiving cell, where they initiate more action potentials. -They relay electrical signals from one axon to the next axon. -Neurotransmitters are chemical signals that carry information across a gap called the synaptic cleft and may or may not generate an action potential in neighboring neurons.

Which of the following statements about chemical synapses is FALSE? -Neurotransmitters that bind to receptors controlling excitatory membrane channels increase the tendency to develop action potentials. -Receiving neurons receive either inhibitory or excitatory signals. -Neurotransmitters that bind to receptors controlling inhibitory membrane channels decrease the tendency to develop action potentials. -The closer the synapse is to the base of the receiving cell's axon, the stronger the effect.

Many neurotransmitters also function as _____ in a different body system. -endorphins -hallucinogens -biogenic amines -hormones

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of drugs that affect the nervous system? -encouraging binding of neurotransmitter to receptors on neurons within the brain -destroying receptors on receiving neurons -activating the receptors for GABA, increasing the effect of this inhibitory neurotransmitter -blocking the addition of serotonin from synapses

Animals that are bilaterally symmetrical, such as _____, typically _____. -earthworms ... have a nerve net and an uncentralized nervous system -insects ... show cephalization and centralization -sea stars ... have a radially symmetrical centralized nervous system -sponges ... have a radially symmetrical centralized nervous system

Which of the following is characteristic of vertebrate nervous systems? -a spinal cord with homeostatic control centers that keep the body functioning smoothly -a spinal cord that runs outside the vertebral column and gives rise to a series of cranial nerves -only partially centralized and cephalized -a distinct central nervous system consisting of a brain and spinal cord

Unlike the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system is _____. -involuntary and primarily controls smooth and cardiac muscle -regulated only by the endocrine system -voluntary and primarily controls smooth and cardiac muscle -involuntary and primarily controls skeletal muscle

It is your turn to do your presentation. You have worried about this moment all month long. Are you prepared? Will someone spot that ring of sweat forming under your arms? Because of the activity of your _____ nervous system, your _____. -sympathetic ... pupils constrict and your heart slows -sympathetic ... lunch suddenly does not agree with you and epinephrine shoots through your body -parasympathetic ... heart is racing and your mouth is dry -enteric ... heart is racing and your mouth is dry

The medulla, pons, and cerebellum in the adult brain develop from this part of the early embryonic brain. -diencephalon -hindbrain -forebrain -midbrain

Which of the following statements about the human brain is FALSE? -The cerebrum develops from the midbrain. -Humans have the largest brain surface area, relative to body size, of all animals. -During embryonic development, the most profound changes occur in the forebrain region. -The cerebellum and medulla oblongata are derived from the hindbrain.

What part of the human brain accounts for about 80% of the brain mass? -cerebellum -cerebral cortex -frontal lobes -corpus callosum

Which function below is a direct role of the cerebral cortex? -creating sensory perceptions -using inputs from the brainstem to make judgments -coordinating body movement -storing short- and long-term memories

A radical surgical procedure that removes most of one half of the brain is called _____. -lateralization -PET scanning -hemispherectomy -lobotomy

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a scanning and imaging technology that can _____. -measure REM -measure electrical activity in the brain -detect activity of neurotransmitters -provide insights into brain structure and function

Studies of brain activity during sleep reveal that activity _____. - alternates between periods of rapid, irregular waves and periods of regular, slower waves -consists of steady, rapid waves -consists of rapid and irregular waves -essentially shuts down to a very restful state that resembles that of a person who is close to death

Which of the following situations best represents the function of the amygdala? -Dana could tell by the look on Jafar's face that he did not do well on the exam. -Disruption of body rhythms occurs after an 11-hour flight, when eating and sleeping routines are not maintained. -Falling backward and smacking the back of his head, Lamont suddenly stopped breathing. Within a minute he was recovering, but still unable to breathe and swallow normally. -Pressing her hand to her forehead, Oki could not think of the Spanish word for "clouds." This exam was difficult!

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression all seem to be the result of _____. -genetics -genetics and environment -drug abuse -drug abuse and genetics

A patient in a nursing home died after suffering from severe dementia for many years. An autopsy reveals that there is no senile plaque built up in his brain tissue. What does this reveal about the cause of death? -The patient most likely died from complications of schizophrenia. -The patient had a form of dementia, but not Alzheimer's disease. -The patient most likely died of Alzheimer's disease. -The patient may have suffered from Parkinson's disease.