Chapter 1 Microbiology – Flashcards
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Infectious disease is almost eradicated in our world
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False
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Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations EXCEPT:
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Blood
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Which of the following is true of microbes?
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Gene expression in bacteria is very similar to gene expression in humans, which facilitates the use of bacteria in recombinant biotechnology and gene therapy
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Microorganisms are essential to our life. Each of the following is an example of a beneficial function of microorganisms EXCEPT:
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Increased number of illnesses
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The process of pasteurization to reduce food spoilage utilizes high heat to kill all bacteria present
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False
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The observation of Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek documenting the existence of microscopic cells formed the basis of what important theory?
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The cell theory, stating that all living things are composed of cells
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Recombinant DNA refers to:
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DNA resulting when genes from one organism are inserted into another organism
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Which of the following findings were essential for Edward Jenner's vaccination process?
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Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity
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In which of the following situations would Koch's postulates be utilized?
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determination of the cause of a new emerging disease by scientists studying disease transmission
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The use of phenol (carbolic acid) as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by:
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Lister
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Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by:
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Koch
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The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by:
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Louis Pasteur
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Biogenesis refers to:
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the development of life forms from preexisting life forms
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Who is credited with first observing microorganisms?
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Who is credited with first observing cells?
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Robert Hooke
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All cells possess a cell wall
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False
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Viruses
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- cannot survive outside a host cell
- can be seen only with an electron microscope
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Fungi
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- Eukaryotic
- Can be unicellular or multicellular
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Archaea
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- Found in extreme environments
- Not typically associated with human disease
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Bacteria
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- Have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan
- Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic sources or conduct photosynthesis
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Aseptic technique
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- Wearing gloves when handling sterile lab equipment
- Taking steps to prevent contaminants from entering sterile solutions
- Using a bunsen burner to heat a wire inoculating loop prior to use
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Biogenesis
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-Microorganisms present in nonliving matter can lead to new microorganisms
- Living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells
- Life can arise as a result of microorganisms present in nonliving matter
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Spontaneous Generation
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- Life can arise spontaneously from nonliving matter
- Living cells can arise from non living matter under favorable conditions
- Vital forces in nonliving matter can lead to new life
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Conclusions from Pasteur's experiments using S-shaped neck flasks
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- Observations support the theory of biogenesis
- Microbes can be blocked from accessing favorable growth environments
- Microorganisms can be present in nonliving matter, such as air, liquids, and solids
- Microbial life can be destroyed by heat
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Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation he used the following:
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- Beef broth: provided a nutritious environment to support microbial growth
- Bunsen burner: provided heat that destroyed microorganisms already present in beef broth
- Flask with S-shaped neck: provided the physical conditions for trapping airborne contaminants and preventing microorganisms from entering the flask
- Air: provided a source of potential external microbial contaminants
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Which of the following matches the organisms described with the correct domain?
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Eukarya-- Single-celled and multicellular organisms with a defined nucleus and a variety of nutritional sources
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Consider organisms that are eukaryotic, are found in both unicellular and multicellular forms, may resemble plants but are not photosynthetic, have chitin in their cell walls, and absorb organic nutrients from decomposing material in the environment. What would it be classified as?
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Fungi
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The correct format from the scientific name
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Staphylococcus aureus (italicized)
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Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea:
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have diverse cell wall composition
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Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
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animalia
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Viruses are not considered living organisms because they:
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cannot reproduce by themselves
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A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT:
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A nucleus
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In the name Staphylococcus aureus, aureus is the:
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species
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Major role of microbes:
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-microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis
- They play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms
- Microbes produce vitamins in the intestines
(NOT: The primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans)
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Each of the following is a microbe:
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- Yeast
- Virus
- Protozoan
- Bacterium
(NOT: mushroom)
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Further characterization of the S.aureus isolated from a wound reveals that the strain is MRSA. Why is this a concern?
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MRSA is transmittable
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What are the limitations of antibiotics?
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- They do not treat viral infections
- Antibiotics may be toxic
- Treatment with antibiotics may lead to the emergence of resistant strains
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S. aureus has been isolated from an infected wound. To satisfy Koch's postulates, what would a doctor need to do with the isolated S. aureus?
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Inject the S.aureus into the animal, observe whether the animal gets a similar infection, and isolate the same strain of S. aureus from the infection
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If Pasteur's long neck S-shaped flask had tipped, allowing broth to enter the tube what would have happened?
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The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck
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An experiment conducted to refute spontaneous generation in 1688 by Francesco Redi using raw meat placed in three jars.
- One unsealed (maggots appeared)
- One sealed (no maggots)
- One covered in gauze (no maggots)
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The results proved that living organisms are derived from other living organisms
