A& P II Chapter 18&19 Reading – Flashcards

A patent ductus arteriosus permits ______.

Cardiac tamponade results in ineffective pumping of blood by the heart because the excessive amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity will______.

What separates the parietal and visceral pericardium?

Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart?

Which layer of the heart wall contracts and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue?

Which of these vessels returns blood to the left atrium of the heart?

Which of these muscles is particularly associated with anchoring the right and left atrioventricular valves?

The right atrioventricular valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the __________.

Which description is INCORRECT for the layers of the heart and its serous membranes?

Which statement is correct regarding the ventricles?

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Which chamber of the heart has the highest probability of being the site of a myocardial infarction?

The __________ valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

The role of the chordae tendineae is to open the AV valves at the appropriate time.

Which valve is located between the right atrium and ventricle?

Which of the following descriptions does NOT describe atrioventricular (AV) valves?

The presence of an incompetent tricuspid valve would have the direct effect of causing ______.

In an ischemic heart, the affected cardiac muscle cells are likely to have an altered ______.

Into which chamber of the heart do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus return deoxygenated blood?

Which chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood to the systemic circuit via the aorta?

Failure in a particular chamber of the heart tends to cause a backup of blood in the lungs, known as pulmonary congestive heart failure. Failure of which chamber of the heart would lead to such a backup?

Which of the following is a branch of the right coronary artery?

A blockage in which of these vessels could cause a myocardial infarction in the lateral right side of the heart?

Blood enters the left and right coronary arteries directly from which vessel or chamber?

Which blood vessel carries blood from the anterior to the posterior of the heart?

Which of the following does NOT deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart?

The right side of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump.

Which statement regarding cardiac muscle structure is accurate?

Consider the following characteristics of the cells found in muscle tissue. Which feature is shared by both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

Why are gap junctions a vital part of the intercellular connection of cardiac muscles?

Which of the following is NOT a difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells?

When an ectopic pacemaker leads to an extrasystole, the ______.

Heart murmurs caused by a stenotic mitral valve ______.

Besides cardiac muscle, what other tissue type possesses pacemaker cells?

At what rate does the sinoatrial (SA) node depolarize?

Specifically, what part of the intrinsic conduction system stimulates the atrioventricular (AV) node to conduct impulses to the atrioventricular bundle?

Suppose a patient develops a myocardial infarction that disables the sinoatrial node. Would the heart still pump blood to the aorta and the pulmonary trunk?

Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the depolarization wave received by the atria from the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Which portion of the electrocardiogram represents the time during which the ventricles are in systole?

During which portion of the electrocardiogram do the atrioventricular valves close, correlating with the first heart sound ("lub")?

Determine which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) tracings is missing P waves but is otherwise regular.

Determine which ECG shows a normal sinus rhythm.

What heart problem would be experienced by an individual whose ECG is seen at C?

The order of impulse conduction in the heart, from beginning to end, is __________.

Adding a chemical that reduces Na+ transport near the sinoatrial (SA) node would have what effect on the heart's intrinsic conducting system?

Which of these is a condition marked by premature ventricular contraction?

The P wave on an electrocardiogram represents __________.

Which of the following structures collects the depolarization wave from the atria to pass it onto the ventricles?

What does the QRS wave of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represent?

What best describes afterload?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases stroke volume?

Increasing end-diastolic and end-systolic volume will increase stroke volume.

Which of the following would increase cardiac output?

Which of the following increases stroke volume?

Calculate the stroke volume if the end diastolic volume (EDV) is 135 mL and the end systolic volume (ESV) is 60 mL.

Which of the following would cause a DECREASE in cardiac output (CO)?

Which of the following cannot trigger tachycardia?

Which best describe the isovolumetric contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?

What causes heart sounds?

The first heart sound (the "lub" of the "lub-dup") is caused by __________.

As your muscles contract during activity, more blood is returned to the heart. Which variable would be affected and what would be the outcome of this action?

Which of the following terms is correctly matched to its description?

During which of these stages are the pulmonary and aortic valves open?

At what point in the cardiac cycle is pressure in the ventricles the highest (around 120 mm Hg in the left ventricle)?

What is the period during the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are completely closed and blood volume in them remains constant as the ventricles contract?

Hypercalcemia could cause ______.

An abnormal P wave could be indicative of ______.

Which layer of the typical blood vessel is constructed from simple squamous epithelium?

Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated to constrict or dilate the lumen?

Which of these features is found only in arteries?

Which type of vessel is most suited to expanding and recoiling in response to the ejection of blood from the heart?

What type of vessel has a relatively large amount of smooth muscle compared to its elastic tissue?

What type of vessel is capable of allowing the passage of gases and nutrients though its walls to nourish surrounding tissue?

Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Which vessels carry blood toward the heart?

Which of the following is characteristic of veins but not arteries?

Large diameter, thick-walled arteries that are close to the heart and act as pressure reservoirs would be __________.

Continuous capillaries are the most common capillaries in the body.

The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are __________.

The kidneys filter the blood; it is necessary for plasma, both fluid and dissolved chemicals, to be rapidly removed from the blood without the removal of larger proteins or cells. Which capillary would be best suited for this filtration?

Varicose veins seen in the superficial veins of the legs are unsightly and often treated by surgically removing them. However, even without these veins being present, the return of all blood toward the heart from the legs is not diminished primarily because ______.

Which of the following is true about veins?

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow?

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system?

Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a patient whose systolic blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is 70 mm Hg.

What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?

What vessels sustain a drop in pressure from approximately 35 mm Hg to around 17 mm Hg?

At what point would we definitely NOT be able to measure the difference between systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure?

Which of the following would be an effective mechanism to reduce primary hypertension due to an overactive sympathetic vasomotor response?

Which of these responses is NOT a response consistent with a drop in mean arterial pressure?

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that angiotensin II increases arterial blood pressure?

Which of the following would be interrupted in the indirect renal mechanism if angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is blocked from performing its job?

Which of the following will lower blood pressure?

Decreased output from the vasomotor center allows arterioles and veins to constrict.

Which of the following hormonal effects is mismatched?

Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?

Which of the following would take the longest time to regulate blood pressure?

Vasomotion because of changes in pH or CO2 levels would be a result of __________?

Which of the following is a myogenic factor that influences blood flow?

A muscle that is being regularly contracted during exercise will attract blood flow by dilating arterioles. Which of these factors would contribute to the effect?

Which of the following intrinsic mechanisms (autoregulation) for controlling arteriolar smooth muscle diameter promotes vasoconstriction?

Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise?

Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe tissue perfusion in the cardiovascular system?

In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern?

What pressure is responsible for reabsorption and for pulling fluids into the venous end of capillaries?

What is the value for the net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriolar end of the capillary?

Assume a person is experiencing a hemorrhage and the HPc has dropped to 23 mm Hg at the arteriole end of the capillary. Calculate net filtration pressure (NFP) at the arteriole end of the capillary.

Which of the following would NOT move by diffusion across a capillary endothelium to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid and tissues?

Bulk flow at capillaries is driven by osmotic pressure gradients.

Why is it important that blood pressure drop to lower levels as it reaches the capillary beds?

Which of the following is NOT a capillary transport mechanism?

Which vessel leaves the right ventricle of the heart to take oxygen-poor, dark red blood into pulmonary circulation?

Which vessel(s) return(s) oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart to complete the pulmonary circuit?

Which of the following vessels would have the lowest blood hydrostatic pressure?

From what artery does the right common carotid artery arise?

Which artery branches off the subclavian arteries?

Which vessel sends branches to the thyroid, larynx, tongue, skin, and muscles of the anterior face and posterior scalp?

Which artery branches into the common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery?

Which artery serves the distal part of the large intestine via its left colic, sigmoidal, and superior rectal branches?

Name the artery at C.

Which vein originates on the medial foot and empties into the femoral vein?

What vein is formed from the union of the anterior tibial vein and posterior tibial vein?

Name the vein at A.

The aorta carries blood __________ the __________ of the heart.

Blood from the lower limbs drains into the __________ before returning to the heart.

Toxic substances absorbed by the digestive system put stress on the liver because all of the blood from the digestive organs is drained by the __________.