Anatomy Quiz 2 – Flashcards
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What type of membrane lines closed ventral body cavities? List three examples.
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Serous membranes line closed ventral body cavities. Three examples are pericardium, pleurae, and peritoneum.
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Macrophage-like cells are found in many different tissues, and may have specific names that reflect their location or specializations. What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells?
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phagocytosis
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Since mature adipocytes rarely divide, how can adults gain weight?
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Adipocytes contain a fat-filled vacuole that can fill or empty, causing the cell to gain or lose volume. Mature adipocytes are among the largest cells in the body.
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Tendon tears or breaks are difficult to repair both physiologically and surgically. Why?
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Tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue, which consists of densely packed, parallel connective tissue fibers. This type of tissue has relatively few cells and vascular supply is poor; consequently, repair is slow. Because of the structure of the tissue, surgical repair can be compared to attempting to suture two bristle brushes together. The broken ends of existing collage fibers will not reunite and can still slip past each other. Furthermore, any scar that forms has an irregular pattern with less one-way strength than parallel fibers.
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How is epithelial tissue the opposite of connective tissue?
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Epithelial versus connective distinctions include: tight cell packing versus wide cell spacing, avascular versus vascular (except cartilage), polar versus nonpolar orientation, no matrix versus matrix (with important fibers), limited versus numerous cell types, and surface versus subsurface purposes.
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How can one tell the difference between stratified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium?
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The most reliable distinctions are two. Compared to stratified squamous epithelium, transitional epithelium has fewer layers (6 or less) and has more rounded surface cells when it is bunched up with more apparent layers and more likely to be mistaken for stratified squamous.
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How is blood unique among connective tissues?
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Blood does not give mechanical support, its matrix is fluid, the cells are loose, the fibers are soluble, it carries nutrients, waste products, and other substances, and it attaches to several gases
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In terms of structure and function, compare the type of epithelium lining the trachea, air sacs of the lungs, and the epidermis of the skin.
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The trachea is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The mucus produced by the goblet cells traps dust, bacteria, and other debris and the cilia move it upwards away from the lungs. The air sacs of the lungs are lined with simple squamous epithelium that serves as a thin, efficient membrane for gas exchange between air and blood. The epidermis of the skin consists of stratified squamous epithelium which functions as physical protection against abrasion, bacteria, and drying out.
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Explain what is meant by epithelial tissue being avascular but innervated.
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Epithelial tissue contains no blood vessels but is supplied by nerve fibers.
