PSY 160 CH 16 – Flashcards

1. The study of death and dying is known as: a. oncology. b. gerontology. c. thanatology. d. ethnology.

2. Which of the following statements is a way that death today is different from 100 years ago? a. Death occurs earlier. b. Dying occurs faster. c. Death impacts more children. d. Death has been removed from daily life.

3. One hundred years ago, most people died _____, while today they most often die in a hospital. a. at home b. at birth c. while working d. in public spaces

4. Which of the following is TRUE about memorials to the dead? a. There is a consensus among religions that memorials are an important part of the grieving process in every culture. b. It is a Western practice that is antithetical to most Eastern cultures. c. They are a relatively modern phenomenon. d. They are only used in Christian services.

5. A century ago, the average lifespan worldwide was _____ years. a. 40 b. 48 c. 55 d. 72

6. Children as young as _____ have some sort of understanding of death, though they may not understand that the person will not come back to life. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

7. Children who are terminally ill fear that death means they will be: a. abandoned. b. in pain. c. sad. d. bored.

8. According to _____, adolescents and emerging adults engage in high-risk behaviors in order to cope with their fear of death. a. thanatology b. terror management theory c. reincarnation d. bereavement

9. The fact that more people fear flying than driving illustrates that attitudes about death tend to be: a. largely informed by statistics. b. focused on the changes that individuals should make in order to live longer lives. c. major factors in our selection of transit. d. largely irrational.

10. In late adulthood, attitudes about death shift. Anxiety _____ while hope _____. a. decreases; increases b. increases; increases c. decreases; decreases d. increases; decreases

11. Many developmentalists believe that one sign of mental health in older adults is: a. denying death. b. feeling guilty for what is undone. c. accepting mortality. d. focusing on the limits of old age.

12. Across cultures, a result of near-death experiences is: a. an increased fear of death. b. scientific data on what happens to the dead. c. a loss of the will to live. d. a sense of hopefulness.

13. A patient's heart stopped and he almost died. As he healed, he discussed having the sense of floating in light and experiencing a sense of peace. He seems to have had a: a. coma. b. near-death experience. c. terror management theory. d. good death.

14. In what way has modern medicine made a good death more likely? a. by confining most deaths to hospitals and nursing homes b. by increasing the general levels of health so that most deaths occur in old age c. by not discussing the likelihood of death with patients, so as not to scare them d. by using whatever means necessary to prolong life at all times

15. According to Kübler-Ross, the first stage of dying is: a. anger. b. denial. c. depression. d. bargaining.

16. The work of _____ has been used to describe dying as a movement from a focus on physical needs through needs for love, safety, respect, and self-actualization, and finally to the acceptance of death. a. Jean Piaget b. Abraham Maslow c. Sigmund Freud d. B. F. Skinner

17. Researchers who have subsequently investigated Kübler-Ross's stages have found that: a. some stages disappear and reappear. b. none of the stages she described appear in modern deaths. c. most people only experience one of the stages before dying. d. everyone, regardless of culture, moves through the stages in the order she identified.

18. About what percentage of individuals admitted to hospice die before the end of the first week of hospice care? a. 25% b. 33% c. 50% d. 66%

19. Which of the following statements regarding hospice care is true? a. People are only admitted when there is reasonable chance for recovery. b. Patients can only be admitted if death is likely within 6 months. c. No medications are available once a patient moves into hospice. d. Currently, no insurance companies cover hospice services.

20. A patient has just entered a hospice. She can expect: a. pain management. b. artificial life-support systems. c. restricted visiting hours for family and close friends. d. to be resuscitated if she quits breathing on her own.

21. Hospice care is expensive because it: a. is labor-intensive. b. requires high-technology equipment. c. provides individual care day and night from highly skilled workers. d. is a for-profit industry

22. Which of the following is a common barrier to hospice care? a. Patients and their families must accept death. b. Patients must be within two weeks of death to be admitted. c. Most people prefer to die in a hospital. d. It is currently only available in England.

23. Palliative care: a. is the legal term for a living will. b. does not occur in a hospice setting. c. is not acceptable to most religions. d. provides relief from physical pain.

24. The goal of palliative care is to: a. relieve patients from pain and suffering. b. treat terminal illnesses. c. study the experience of the dying. d. treat advanced-stage diseases by any means possible.

25. Medications for pain relief were once underprescribed for the terminally ill primarily because: a. they are illegal. b. they are expensive. c. patients refuse them. d. they are addictive.

26. Medication that relieves pain and also hastens death has a: a. double effect. b. DNR. c. good death. d. hospice care.

27. Juanita has just been evaluated by medical professionals. She cannot move any part of her body except for her eyes, but brain waves are still apparent. The doctor explains that Juanita is not dead, but: a. has brain death. b. is in a coma. c. is in a vegetative state. d. has locked-in syndrome.

28. A person is in a state of deep unconsciousness from which he or she cannot be aroused has: a. brain death. b. a coma. c. slipped into a vegetative state. d. locked-in syndrome.

29. The definition of death that has been used by professionals around the world for the past several decades states that death occurs when: a. the person enters locked-in syndrome. b. the eyes alone respond to pain. c. noticeable respiration ceases. d. brain waves cease.

30. After an extensive review of studies on end of life brain functioning, researchers confirmed two indicators of death: a. eye movement in the absence of brain waves and ceased respiration. b. slow brain waves and ceased respiration. c. eyes not responding to pain and the lack of heartbeat. d. no spontaneous breathing and eyes not responding to pain.

31. A person in a state characterized by prolonged cessation of all brain activity, with a complete absence of voluntary movements, has: a. brain death. b. a coma. c. slipped into a vegetative state. d. locked-in syndrome.

32. Mikal entered a state of deep unconsciousness after a serious accident. His cognitive functions have ceased though he is still breathing. His family and friends notice that his eyes have occasionally opened and he has made a few irregular sounds. Mikal: a. is in a coma. b. has brain death. c. is in a vegetative state. d. has locked-in syndrome.

33. A person with which of the following conditions is considered dead? a. a coma b. brain death c. a vegetative state d. locked-in syndrome e. all the above

34. The average person today lives ______ as long as the average person did a century ago. a. twice b. three times c. four times d. just about

35. In _____, a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, without any medical intervention. a. assisted suicide b. passive euthanasia c. a health care proxy d. active euthanasia.

36. Which of the following is an example of passive euthanasia? a. A doctor gives a patient a prescription for a lethal medication. b. A husband injects his wife with an overdose of her medication, without her requesting this of him. c. A patient asks his adult child to give him a lethal injection. d. A doctor does not resuscitate a man who stops breathing after seeing that he had a DNR order.

37. A DNR order: a. can be used only by hospice workers. b. allows a natural death. c. is not available to the terminally ill. d. is illegal in most U.S. states.

38. An example of active euthanasia is when: a. a doctor does not restore breathing after reading the patient's DNR order. b. health care professionals limit painkilling drugs. c. someone turns off a patient's respirator. d. a patient refuses to eat.

39. George is terminally ill and in constant pain. He has asked his doctor for a prescription he can use to end his life. If the doctor gives the prescription and George uses it to die, it is considered: a. hospice care. b. physician-assisted suicide. c. passive euthanasia. d. palliative care.

40. In countries where it is legal, _____ terminally ill individuals choose assisted suicide. a. few b. most c. approximately half d. no

41. Oregon's law regarding assisted suicide requires the: a. patient to enter hospice care. b. patient's illness to be confirmed by at least 4 physicians. c. dying person to request the lethal drugs twice orally and once in writing. d. consent of the next of kin.

42. When Oregon residents' reasons for requesting physician-assisted suicide were assessed, which reason was identified as the least common? a. loss of autonomy b. loss of dignity c. pain d. loss of ability to enjoy life

43. A major argument against legalizing euthanasia is a concern that it may lead society to condone the killing of those who are not ready to die, creating a: a. passive euthanasia. b. health care proxy. c. slippery slope. d. death panel.

44. In Oregon, which of the following groups is MOST likely to use physician-assisted suicide? a. the oldest-old b. the poor c. European Americans d. those with only a high school education

45. Some people designate a _____, or another person who can medical decisions for them if they are unable to do so. a. health care proxy b. living will c. palliative care specialist d. court

46. A living will is written to identify: a. that no attempt should be made to revive the person if they stop breathing. b. the way property should be divided among heirs. c. and pass along important family stories. d. what medical intervention should be used if the person not conscious when a decision needs to be made.

47. A person whom a dying person designates to make his or her medical decisions is a(n): a. adult child. b. health care proxy. c. attorney. d. hospice worker.

48. Which of the following statements about living wills is TRUE? a. Living wills enable health care professionals to make decisions exactly as the patient would have wanted. b. Family members may override a living will. c. Low-income individuals are especially likely to have a living will. d. Even the most extensive living will cannot answer every question that may emerge.

49. The deep sorrow that people feel after the death of another is called: a. grief. b. mourning. c. a near-death experience. d. resilience.

50. The type of grief that impedes a person's future life is called _____ grief. a. complicated b. absent c. disenfranchised d. incomplete

51. Melina's father just died. She was very close to him, and simply cannot face the reality of his death. To those around her, it appears that Melina is not grieving at all. Melina is experiencing _____ grief. a. complicated b. disenfranchised c. absent d. incomplete

52. The type of grief in which people are not allowed to mourn publicly because of cultural customs or social restrictions is called: a. incomplete grief. b. disenfranchised grief. c. complicated grief. d. absent grief.

53. Ted's ex-wife died suddenly. Although their two children were included in the memorial service, Ted was intentionally excluded. Because he still cared about his ex-wife, he experienced: a. absent grief. b. incomplete grief. c. disenfranchised grief. d. mourning.

54. Estelle's husband was flying a small plane when it disappeared above a wooded mountainside. His body was never recovered. In this loss, it is likely that Estelle is experiencing: a. absent grief. b. incomplete grief. c. disenfranchised grief. d. mourning.

55. Which of the following conditions may hinder the healing and affirmation of the bereaved? a. experiencing a delay in recovering the body of the deceased b. holding a funeral a few days after the death c. having rosy recollections of the deceased person d. believing in life after death

56. An important function of the mourning process is to: a. allow a private expression of pain following a death. b. allow expression of grief publicly. c. identify a point of blame for the death. d. take one's mind off the loss of a loved one.

57. Older adults who were securely attached in childhood are more likely to experience _____ grief when a loved one dies. a. absent b. complicated c. normal d. very little

58. In Western culture, viewing the deceased as a role model is seen as a healthy form of: a. a continuing bond. b. hallucination. c. denial. d. the slippery slope.

59. In a longitudinal study of older married adults in Detroit, almost all widows and widowers _____ their marriage. a. minimized b. idealized c. quickly forgot d. denigrated

60. A study on responses to the death of a spouse found that the majority of widows and widowers: a. were, within 6 months, about as happy and productive as they had been before their spouse's death. b. suffered from pathological grief, including extreme depression, for the first time in their lives. c. experienced a significant improvement in mood due to reduced caregiving demands. d. were slow to recover, but regained most of their ability to function within four years.