Ch 4 Homework – Flashcards
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Which of the following epithelial tissue locations is NOT correctly matched to its function?
kidney: secretion
skin: absorption
kidney: filtration
digestive tract: absorption
skin: protection
answer
skin: absorptionThe keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of skin is designed for protection, not absorption from the external environment.
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Which of the following increases the surface area of certain epithelial tissues?
desmosomes
basement membrane
basal lamina
microvilli
cilia
answer
microvilli
Microvilli are small finger-like projections that greatly increase the surface area of epithelial cells (thus epithelial tissues), an important attribute of tissues that have a role in absorption and secretion.
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Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue is innervated.
Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity.
Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate.
Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels.
answer
Epithelial tissue is innervated.
Epithelial tissue is an innervated, avascular tissue that exhibits polarity. Epithelial tissue is also highly regenerative.
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Stratified squamous epithelia are found in areas subjected to wear and tear.
Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.
Simple columnar epithelia are associated with absorption and secretion.
Simple squamous epithelia are associated with filtration and exchange.
answer
Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch.This is incorrect; transitional (not simple cuboidal) epithelia are found in areas that stretch, in particular the ureters and urinary bladder. Simple cuboidal epithelia are designed for absorption and secretion (not stretching).
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Where is transitional epithelium found?
in areas subject to wear and tear
in areas involved in absorption
in areas involved in filtration
in areas subjected to stretching
answer
in areas subjected to stretching
Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system. It lines the ureters, bladder and proximal part of the urethra-organs that are subjected to distention or stretching as urine passes through or fills them.
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Exocrine glands ________.
secrete substances into blood
secrete hormones
secrete substances onto body surfaces
are only unicellular in structure
answer
secrete substances onto body surfacesExocrine glands use ducts to secrete substances into the external environment (onto the surfaces of the cutaneous and mucous membranes). Note: "exo" means outside. Endocrine glands are ductless; they secrete hormones into the extracellular fluid of our internal environment. Note: "endo" means inside.
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Which of the following describes a holocrine gland?
Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing.
Holocrine glands secrete their products by exocytosis.
Holocrine glands secrete their products by endocytosis.
Holocrine glands secrete their products by pinching off the apex of the cell.
answer
Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing. Sebaceous (oil) glands are the only example of holocrine glands in the body
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Mucous cells are ________.
multicellular exocrine glands
unicellular exocrine glands
endocrine glands
hormone-producing glands
answer
unicellular exocrine glands Mucous cells are unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucin, a protein that combines with water to form mucus.
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________ is a water-soluble, complex glycoprotein that is secreted by goblet cells.
A hormone
Mucin
Salt
An enzyme
An amino acid
answer
MucinLike mucous cells, goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucin, a protein that combines with water to form mucus. In goblet cells, the cuplike accumulation of mucin distends the top of the cell, making these cells look like a glass with a stem, thus "goblet" cell. This distortion does not occur in mucous cells.
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Connective tissues ________.
arise from different types of embryonic tissue; therefore, they have little relationship or kinship to one another
are all avascular
primarily consist of extracellular matrix
are delicate tissues, not designed to bear weight or withstand abrasion or tension
answer
primarily consist of extracellular matrix
All other primary tissues are composed mainly of cells, but connective tissues are largely nonliving extracellular matrix, which separates, often widely, the living cells of the tissue.
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In connective tissue, the role of collagen fibers is to ________.
form delicate networks around blood vessels and support the soft tissue of organs
provide elasticity
retain fluid
provide tensile strength
answer
provide tensile strengthCollagen fibers are extremely tough and provide high tensile strength (that is, the ability to resist being pulled apart) to the matrix. Stress tests show that collagen fibers are stronger than steel fibers of the same size!
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Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type?
bone: fibrocyte
bone: osteoblast
connective tissue proper: chondroblast
cartilage: fibroblast
answer
bone: osteoblast
Osteoblasts/cytes are the primary cell type for bone.
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Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue?
answer
absorption Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include: binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body.
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________ are highly phagocytic cells that are a part of the body's defense system. These cells can be localized (fixed), or they can wander throughout the body.
Eosinophils
Macrophages
Basophils
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Mast cells
answer
Macrophages, which are peppered throughout loose connective tissue, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissue, may be attached to connective tissue fibers (fixed) or may migrate freely through the matrix. They phagocytize a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. These "big eaters" also dispose of dead tissue cells, and they are central actors in the immune system.
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Select the TRUE statement.
Bundles of collagen are often found in loose connective tissue.
Loose connective tissue includes cartilage.
Dense connective tissue includes adipose tissue.
Dense connective tissue is often called fibrous connective tissue
answer
dense connective tissue is often called fibrous connective tissue.
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________ is the tissue that regulates and controls body functions.
Nervous tissue
Bone
Muscle tissue
Blood
answer
Nervous tissue regulates and controls body functions
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Smooth muscle ________.
has striations
is under involuntary control
has long, cylindrical cells
contains intercalated discs
answer
Smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control.
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Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Mucous membranes line exits and entrances to the body.
The cutaneous membrane is a dry membrane exposed to air.
Serous membranes line body cavities and organs.
The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium
answer
The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium
The cutaneous membrane, a "dry" membrane exposed to air, consists of a keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium called, the epidermis, and an underlying layer of connective tissue called, the dermis.
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The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is ________.
organization, inflammation, and regeneration
inflammation, regeneration, and organization
regeneration, organization, and inflammation
inflammation, organization, and regeneration
answer
In order, the basic steps of tissue repair are: inflammation, organization, and regeneration.
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All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function.
True
False
answer
True
All epithelia exhibit polarity, which is defined by the presence of an apical surface and a basal surface that differ in both structure and function.
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The simple columnar epithelium that form absorptive cells of the digestive tract have which characteristic?
cilia
fibroblasts
a rich vascular supply
dense microvilli
answer
dense microvilli
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated variety ________.
possesses no goblet cells
lines most of the respiratory tract
aids in digestion
is not an epithelial classification
answer
lines most of the respiratory tract
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Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?
simple squamous
transitional
stratified squamous
simple columnar
answer
simple columnar
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Which of the following is true about epithelia?
Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration.
Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.
Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion.
Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.
answer
Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.
