chapter 11 ex phys – Flashcards

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question
If the intensity of a single bout of aerobic exercise continues to increase, but plateaus or decreases slightly, this means that a. true vo 2 max has been reached b. lactate threshold has increased c. muscle glycogen stores are depleted d. ATP-PCr enzymatic activity is increased
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a
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In previously untrained subjects, a chronic endurance-training program would increase by a. ~5% b. ~10% c. ~20% d. ~50%
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c
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Which of the following is a sign of enhanced submaximal endurance capacity? a. increased maximal heart rate b. decreased submaximal cardiac output c. increased submaximal blood pressure d. decreased submaximal heart rate
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d
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Which of the following is not a mechanism of increased stroke volume after endurance training? a. increased resting and submaximal heart rate b. increased plasma volume c. increased filling time d. increased LV wall thickness and chamber volume
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a
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Which chamber of the heart adapts most to chronic endurance training? a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle
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d
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Which of the following statements explaining the increase in SV after aerobic training is correct? a. reload, contractility, and afterload increase b. preload, contractility, and afterload decrease c. preload and contractility increase, afterload decreases d. preload decreases, contractility and afterload increase
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c
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Rob has been training for a 10 k race off and on over the last couple of years and has been keeping track of his postworkout heart rate recovery. When was he probably most aerobically fit? a. last June, when his HR decreased from 190 to 150 beats/min after 1 min b. last December, when his HR decreased from 190 to 100 beats/min after 1 min c. last April, when his HR decreased from 190 to 120 beats after 1 min d. yesterday, when his HR decreased from 190 to 160 beats/min after 1 min
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b
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the change in cardiac output in response to aerobic training? a. resting cardiac output increases b. submaximal cardiac output decreases c. maximal cardiac output increases d. maximal cardiac output stays the same
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c
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After aerobic training, more existing capillaries are now open in exercising muscle vasculature. This phenomenon is called a. capillary-to-fiber attraction b. capillary recruitment c. angiogenesis d. capillarization
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b
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Which of the following changes occur in maximal blood pressure after aerobic training? a. both systolic and diastolic BP increase b. both systolic and diastolic BP decrease c. systolic BP increases, diastolic BP decreases d. systolic BP decreases, diastolic BP increases
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c
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Plasma volume increases during the first two weeks of aerobic training because a. plasma protein synthesis increases b. sodium excretion increases c. antidiuretic hormone secretion decreases d. fluid ingestion increases
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a
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Which of the following changes does not occur in the blood after aerobic training? a. plasma volume increases b. red blood cell production increases c. hematocrit decreases d. hematocrit increases
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d
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After aerobic training, submaximal pulmonary ventilation will be _________, and maximal pulmonary ventilation will be ___________. a. increased, increased b. decreased, decreased c. increased, decreased d. decreased, increased
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d
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Why does arteriovenous difference increase after aerobic training? a. tissue O2 extraction increases b. arterial PO2 increases c. arterial O2 saturation increases d. venous O2 content increases
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a
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Chronic endurance training results in what change to muscle fibers? a. type I fiber hyperplasia b. type II fiber hypertrophy c. type I fiber hypertrophy d. type IIa fibers behave more like type IIx fibers
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c
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After aerobic training, increased capillary formation and capillary recruitment combine to lead to a. increased capillary density b. increased myoglobin synthesis c. increased oxidative enzyme activity d. increased mitochondrial reproduction
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a
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Which of the following is not true about oxidative enzyme response to aerobic training? a. activity increases even after has plateaued b. exerts a glycogen-sparing effect in muscle c. can also be stimulated by high-intensity interval training d. phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase activities are particularly high
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d
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Which of these is a major factor in muscle that limits further increases in ? a. muscle fiber pH b. plasmalemma permeability c. oxygen diffusion from capillary to mitochondria d. muscle oxidative enzyme activity
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c
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Which of these statements is not true about myoglobin? a. Its function and pigment are similar to hemoglobin. b. It increases by 40% after anaerobic training. c. It is less abundant in type II muscle fibers. d. It increases by 75 to 80% after aerobic training.
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b
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In response to aerobic training, muscle fiber mitochondria a. increase in size and number b. increase in number only c. decrease in number but increase in size d. increase in number but decrease in size
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a
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A slower rate of glycogen utilization is a. a beneficial adaptation conferred by aerobic training b. a beneficial adaptation conferred by anaerobic training c. one reason that untrained muscle fibers are less efficient d. associated with detraining of muscle fibers
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a
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High-intensity interval training yields a. better anaerobic fitness than traditional sprint training b. aerobic fitness equal to that gained by chronic endurance training c. less impressive aerobic fitness results than chronic endurance training d. beneficial changes in muscle metabolic enzyme activity only
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b
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Aerobic training leads to _____________ in lactate threshold. a. ~10% increase b. ~30% increase c. ~5% decrease d. no change
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b
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After chronic endurance training, RER during submaximal exercise indicates that the body is a. depending more on carbohydrate, less on fat for fuel b. depending more on protein, less on carbohydrate for fuel c. depending more on fat, less on protein for fuel d. depending more on fat, less on carbohydrate for fuel
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d
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Which of the following factors is considered to be the primary limiting determinant of vo2 max? a. central and peripheral cardiovascular function b. pulmonary ventilation c. mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity d. pulmonary diffusion
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a
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Which of these external factors plays the biggest role in determining vo2 max ? a. training status b. genetics c. nutritional intake d. body composition
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b
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Anaerobic training leads to a. decreased percentage of type II fibers in muscle b. increased glycolytic and ATP-PCr production of ATP c. increased strength d. inhibited type II fiber hypertrophy
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c
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A triathlon athlete who is simultaneously training for the swim, bicycle, and running portions of the event is practicing a. cross-training b. multitasking c. high-intensity interval training d. anaerobic training
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a
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Anaerobic training leads to all of the following changes except a. increased anaerobic power b. type I fiber hypertrophy c. increased activity of ATP-PCr system enzymes d. decreased percentage of type I fibers in muscle
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c
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Endurance training leads to a significant improvement in __________________________, which is much more closely related to actual competitive endurance performance than is.
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submax endurance capacity
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____________ is calculated based on cardiac output and tissue extraction of oxygen from arterial blood and is the best objective laboratory measure of cardiorespiratory endurance.
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maximal endurance capacity, vo2 max
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Cardiorespiratory endurance training, otherwise known as ____________ training, improves cardiac function and peripheral blood flow and enhances oxidative ATP production in muscles.
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aerobic
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Although an increase in heart mass can arise from pathological causes, when it occurs as a beneficial adaptation to chronic endurance exercise, it is sometimes known as _________________.
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cardiac hypertrophy
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___________________ is sometimes called an enlarged heart, without respect to the stimulus for enlargement.
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athlete's heart
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While muscular endurance is specific to individual muscles or muscle groups, _________________ endurance leads to significant changes in heart and lung function that will impact whole-body dynamic endurance exercise.
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cardiorespiratory endurance
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The ___________________ states that = heart rate × stroke volume × difference.
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fick equation
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Due to a phenomenon called the ______________________, increased plasma volume and diastolic filling time lead to an increased left ventricular chamber size at the end of diastole.
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volume loading
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The mechanism by which increased diastolic filling leads to increased ventricular contractility is called the _______________________.
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frank starling
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______________________, an indirect index of cardiac contractility (calculated as SV/EDV × 100), increases after endurance training primarily due to a decrease in ESV.
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ejection fraction
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The decrease in heart rate after physical exertion stops, also called ______________________, occurs more quickly after endurance training.
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post training heart rate
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The value representing the number of capillaries per muscle fiber is known as the _________________________.
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capillary to fiber ratio
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The term used to describe when the rate of glycogen utilization is slowed in favor of using fat as a fuel source is _______________.
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glycogen sparing
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________________________ is a time-efficient way to induce many adaptations associated with chronic endurance training, requiring less time commitment for similar results.
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high intensity interval training
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The activity of ____________________________, which are specialized proteins that determine the rate of ATP production during aerobic exercise, increases after chronic endurance training.
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mitochondrial oxidative enzymes
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__________________, or the number of capillaries per muscle fiber, increases after endurance training.
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capillary to fiber ratio
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_______________________, the ratio of carbon dioxide released to oxygen consumed during exercise, decreases after chronic endurance training.
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respiratory exchange ratio
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Endurance training increases a muscle fiber's content of ______________, which enhances a muscle's ability to bind and store oxygen.
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myoglobin
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For a given training regimen and degree of training compliance, certain individuals, known as ___________________, simply do not exhibit significant improvement.
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low responders
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