Sociology Exam 4 Review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which of these statements about social change is correct?
answer
Some people have a vested interest in resisting social change.
question
Capitalism is an economic system in which:
answer
the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits.
question
Which perspective of collective behavior was developed by Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian?
answer
emergent-norm
question
When sociologists try to view foreign workers and factory owners from the perspective of their own cultures, we refer to this as:
answer
cultural relativism
question
Which type of society relies chiefly on mechanization for the production of its economic goods and services?
answer
industrial society
question
Which element of collective behavior does Neil Smelser suggest must be present to indicate that the organization of society can facilitate the emergence of conflicting interests and increase the likelihood of collective behavior occurring?
answer
structural conduciveness
question
Laissez-faire is a form of:
answer
capitalism under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy.
question
____________'s work in biological evolution contributed to nineteenth-century theories of social change. According to his approach, there has been a continuing progression of successive life forms.
answer
Charles Darwin
question
Which of the following terms refers to the social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed?
answer
economic system
question
Which sociological perspective criticizes the functionalist approach to social change for disregarding the crucial significance of change that is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities?
answer
Conflict perspective
question
The term "sabotage" is derived from French workers throwing ________ into factory machinery to destroy it.
answer
wooden shoes
question
A college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups. This:
answer
serves a latent function of education.
question
Periodic assemblies are defined as:
answer
recurring, relatively routine gatherings of people.
question
The expectation that African and Latin countries will change by moving in the same direction as Western societies is consistent with:
answer
evolutionary theory.
question
Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of:
answer
equilibrium
question
Which of the following would most likely illustrate the value-added perspective?
answer
A riot occurs in a minority community when the residents believe that abusive and discriminatory practices have been used by the largely white police force that governs the city.
question
Which two theorists are associated with the study of socialism?
answer
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
question
Nonrecurring gatherings of people such as demonstrations, parades or gatherings at scenes of fires are referred to as:
answer
nonperiodic assemblies.
question
Which of the following is an example of material culture?
answer
technology
question
Which sociologist pointed out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to factual information?
answer
Robin Williams
question
Education refers to the process:
answer
whereby some people consciously and formally teach while others adopt the social role of learner.
question
Among the following nations, which had the highest percentage of persons who had completed higher education as of 2007?
answer
Japan
question
For many years, there was only one long-distance telephone company in the U.S.—the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. This company was an example of a(an):
answer
monopoly
question
Which of the following school programs was initiated as an "agent of social change?"
answer
a. sex education classes
b. affirmative action admissions programs
c. Project Head Start
d. all of these (answer***)
question
Sociologists have questioned the validity of both the emergent-norm and value-added perspectives for their:
answer
imprecise definitions.
question
Communism is an economic system in which:
answer
all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce.
question
Collective behavior is usually:
answer
unstructured and spontaneous.
question
In schools in the U.S., bilingualism has been defended on the grounds:
answer
that it is a means to encourage cultural diversity.
question
Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions?
answer
culture lag
question
Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and the world is a(an):
answer
manifest function of education.
