quiz 5 sociology – Flashcards
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What term best applies to people who share a culture and a territory?
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a society
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The first social revolution, namely the domestication of animals and plants, occurred during which stage in the evolution of societies?
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horticultural and pastoral
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The plow was to the second social revolution as the ________ was to the third social revolution.
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invention of the steam engine
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With the domestication of plants and animals, a number of significant social changes occurred. All of the following represent one of these changes, EXCEPT for which one?
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societies became more egalitarian
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The "dawn of civilization" is most associated with which social revolution?
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agricultural
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Which was the first nation to have an excess of 50 percent of its workforce in service industries?
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the US
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There are New York Yankee fans in every state in America, throughout Canada, and in nations all over the world. Sociologically, which concept best describes these fans?
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They are a category.
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Nancy and Don took their children to the zoo while on vacation. It was a busy day. Those that were at the zoo that day were all members of an...
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aggregate
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Of the following groups, the ________ plays the most significant role in the development of the self.
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primary group
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Because of our sense of belonging and loyalty to in-groups, we often judge our own group's traits as virtues, but view the same traits in other groups as vices. This judgment of superiority is an example of ________.
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a double standard
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For many college professors, their own teachers served as role models. Kody Scott looked up to older gang members as his idols. In both cases, former teachers and older gang members qualify as being ________.
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reference groups
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Which phrase became synonymous with the research Stanley Milgram conducted on "the small world phenomenon"?
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six degrees of separation
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With respect to group dynamics, what is the defining characteristic of a small group?
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All members of the group can interact directly with one another.
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How groups influence individuals and how individuals affect groups is referred to as ________.
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group dynamics
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According to Georg Simmel, which of the following groups is the most unstable?
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dyad
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How does the structure and function of groups change as they grow in size?
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Groups tend to develop a more formal social structure.
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A phenomenon of group dynamics that results in a decrease in one's willingness to help others as the size of the group increases is referred to as ________.
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diffusion of responsibility
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What did Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity demonstrate?
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Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things they know are not true.
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What did Stanley Milgram's teacher-learner experiment demonstrate?
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A substantial number of people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.
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In group decision making, a form of tunnel vision that develops in which there is only one "right" viewpoint and suggested alternatives are perceived as signs of disloyalty is called ________.
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groupthink