APUSH Unit 2 – Flashcards

not enforcing statutes/acts because too hard or not in debt

tax on colonies but cost of tax already in price: positive reaction

tax that is added to the product: negative reaction

gold and silver coins; crown wants debt paid in it, not paper money

specific list of goods that could only be sold to Great Britain

search warrants or illegal trade - broad

said colonists could not export goods the British also export and skilled workers could not immigrate to the colonies

said everything on British ships had to be British with a 3/4 British crew, ships could only stop in British ports, and created a list of enumerated commodities (cash crops); trying to created a monopoly by controlling all trade - ended with Glorious Revolution

tax on molasses (sugar) from any country but Britain; rum distillers in the North would get hurt and complain but not really enforced

says English settlers cannot cross the Appalachian mountains because Britain cannot protect them from Indians; result = Pontiac's Rebellion

cut Molasses Act in half, but enforced; created writs of assistance; colonists got upset, especially rum distillers

cannot print paper money and all debts had to be paid in specie; drains gold and silver reserves

Britain sent soldiers to enforce laws; colonists had to pay for provisions or build barracks for soldiers; colonists see soldiers as intruders, not protectors

first DIRECT tax; on all written documents; everyone had to pay it, so big uproar; colonists created a congress

asked for repeal of stamp act and wrote petitions to Parliament; wrote Declaration of the Rights of Grievances of Congress; Parliament repealed Stamp Act because not making money

Parliament could tax colonies anytime; more no taxation without representation

external duties on paint, lead, tea, and glass; John Dickinson wrote response; Parliament repealed tax on everything but tea

wrote "Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer"

said colonists could only import tea from British East India Company because company about to go bankrupt; result = Boston Tea Party

In Massachusetts: closed Boston harbor until tea paid for; Great Britain officials' trials in England; quartering act - house soldiers; took away from legislature - now ruled by British and shut down taverns; result = Continental Congress

Canada: reward for people there being good; allowed Catholicism, can follow French laws, extend boundary into Ohio River Valley; result = 1st Continental Congress

site of first Continental Congress

number of colonies at first Continental Congress

Declaration by first continental congress that said Parliament has the right to regulate trade but shouldn't tax. It also said that each colony has the right to determine need for British troops.

First Continental Congress agreed to ________ British goods

Agreements not to import goods from Great Britain. They were designed to put pressure on the British economy and force the repeal of unpopular parliamentary acts.

a group to enforce boycotts and Non-Importation agreements; agree to stockpile weapons; agree to meet one year later

The First Continental Congress asks for repeal of the _______________________

The first bloodshed of the Amercan Revolution, as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans; Paul Revere painted propaganda picture

1st man killed in American Revolution - runaway slave

A radical political organization formed after the passage of the Stamp Act to protest various British acts; organization used both peaceful and violent means of protest

This organization supported the boycott of British goods. They urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods that were previously available only from Britain. They believed that way, the American colonies would become economically independent.

dummy hung by people and set on fire

defended British soldiers in Boston Massacre - said it was self-defense

The British general who was in command of Boston and went after the stockpiled weapons at Concord

3 famous men from warning people of British attack on Concord

Captain of the Lexington minutemen; leader at the Battle of Lexington in April 1775, where the first shots of the American Revolution were fired

on Lake Champlain (NY) - full of weapons; Ethan Allen leads group of militiamen - Green Mountain Boys (VT) and Benedict Arnold; transfer weapons to Boston

In 1775 George Washington ordered him, the nation's first secretary of war, to bring the British artillery back to the siege of Boston (Dorchester Heights) that was captured at Fort Ticonderoga.

wrote "Common Sense;" inspires war/declares independence because "moral obligation" to split

a battle that took place on the strategic point of Breed's Hill. British victory on account of the depletion of American supplies. yet gave them confidence- It pushed Americans towards a final decision for war

last attempt to reconcile with Great Britain, Still pledge loyalty to King George III but are still asking Britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies, repeal oppressive legislation, and British troops out of the colonies; George III didn't want anything to do with them and declared all colonies in a state of rebellion

first state to advise independent vote (because Scotch-Irish)

issued first resolution for independence

almost voted against Constitution because it left out slavery

date of motion for independence passed

date of formal approval of Declaration of indepedence

number of signers of the Declaration of Independence

President of the Second Continental Congress

largest section of Declaration of Independence

three authors of the Declaration of Independence

wrote "Two Treaties on Government;" Jefferson emulated this work and its call for the rights of life, liberty, and property in the Declaration of Independence

3 sources used by Jefferson when writing the Declaration of Independence

Three purposes of Declaration of Independence: declare _____________ from Great Britain, provide basis for new ______________, and justify _____________

Great Britain has a better _______, __________ and __________ power, much larger _____________, and help from __________ and ________ (because promise freedom)

Great Britain is a long way from ______, dealing with ___________ colonies, had less ___________ (from Hessians and soldiers), kept changing _____________ (and bad choices from Howe), the __________ in England was bad (George III and Lord North), and they had other ___________ (Ireland, etc)

A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers to populate the Ohio River Valley; created subsidized education

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood (applying to Congress), included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery

5 territories/states created by Northwest Ordinance of 1767

a rebellion by debtor farmers in western Massachusetts (on Springfield), led by Revolutionary War against Boston creditors. it began in 1786 and lasted half a year, threatening the economic interests of the business elite and contributing to the demise of the Articles of Confederation.

A convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation (to revise the Articles of Confederation), attended by five states and important because it issued the call to Congress and the states for what became the Constitutional Convention

Beginning on May 25, 1787, the convention recommended by the Annapolis Convention was held in Philadelphia. The convention lasted 16 weeks, and on September 17, 1787, produced the present Constitution of the United States

President of the Philadelphia Convention

number of states attending Philadelphia Convention

only state to not attend Philadelphia Convention

father of the Constitution - wrote it based on the Virginia Plan

first ambassador to France; called the Philadelphia Convention an "assembly of demigods"

first ambassador to Great Britain

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

promised to end in 20 years (1808) by the Philadelphia Convention

The Philadelphia Convention called for a tax on _______ but not _______

author of the New Jersey Plan: keep Articles of Confederation but levy taxes and regulate commerce - plural executive with no power

Because James Madison was soft-spoken, he got this man to introduce the Virginia Plan to the Philadelphia Convention

need 2/3 of Congress to approve these, not the normal 51%

how many years were the term lengths of the President?

elect the President; don't trust public

Senate elected by

Federal Courts are appointed by the

House of Representatives elected by

How many states out of 13 need to ratify the Constitution?

4 states to not ratify the Constitution

Month and year of election of 1st Federal Government (President, House, and Senate)

Month and year of 1st Inauguration

supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government

Three men who publicize answers to Anti-Federalists in the New York Newspaper

opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independent states; want a Bill of Rights, a mention of God, less aristocracy, and no standing army

powers of government split between the federal government and states and shared

federal rights

state powers

shared powers

Exclusive Rights: ________ money, _________ (declare war, send troops, and draft), _________ system, _______ (for breaking federal law), and ___________ trade

Reserved Powers: __________ trade, ________ education, ___________, and _______________

Shared Powers: ___________, ______ laws, and borrowing _______

The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties (because of demands from Anti-Federalists) - limits determined by courts

The constitutional amendment that establishes the five great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, of petition, and of assembly.

The constitutional amendment that establishes freedom to bear arms

The constitutional amendment that establishes no forced quartering of troops - in peace

The constitutional amendment that establishes no illegal searches and seizures - no Writs of Assistance

The constitutional amendment that establishes due process - court

The constitutional amendment that establishes a fair and speedy trial

The constitutional amendment that establishes that sues for over $20 are ensured a jury trial

The constitutional amendment that establishes no cruel and unusual punishments

The constitutional amendment that establishes that the Bill of Rights does not contain all rights

The constitutional amendment that establishes rights not delegated to federal government belong to the states

(after the deed) - can't make something illegal after you've done it

can't be thrown in jail without going before a judge who will tell you why - cannot be denied except by the President in time of war

adhering to enemy or going to war against the US - open confession or 2 witnesses

can't be tried twice for the same offense

can't be forced to testify against yourself (5th amendment)

government can take property, but only for public good and pay you for fair market value

The _______ impeaches (brings to trial) the President; the _________ holds the trial

Two types of courts in the Judicial Branch

Amendments are proposed by __________, approved by __________ (___ of both Houses), and ratified by ____ of ________

the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers

became Prime Minister in 1763; decided American colonists should have to pay for their own defense in the form of taxes; helped to reform British enforcement in the colonies in order to end salutary neglect

these South Carolina Scotch-Irish Men believed Britain was not protecting them from thieves, rustlers, and Indians; they administered vigilant justice in the region and refused to pay taxes until they gained an effective government

Series of letters by John Dickinson denouncing the Townshend Duties. Inspired anti-British sentiment throughout the colonies

event involving a British custom schooner that had enforced unpopular acts; it ran aground in shallow water and a group of men boarded the ship, looted it, and burned it

German mercenaries hired by Britain to fight against the colonies; hired because the king, George III was a German through his Hanovarian Family

a series of pamphlets written in simple language by Thomas Paine; they boosted the morale of the colonists in their fight for liberty

American general Horatio Gates was victorious over British general Burgoyne: Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain

Washington's army camped here over the winter; they suffered from abysmal conditions that improved in the spring; Friedrich Wilhelm, a Prussian soldiers, was brought in to train the troops; they learned how to fight well; Congress promised bonuses and extra pay at the end of the war which raised morale

victorious in the Northwest Territory

Sam Adams convinced the Boston town meeting to form these groups and convinced others to do the same; they coordinated responses to the King and shared their plans, forming an early government to deal with colonial rights and parliamentary encroachments

collection articles against the ratification of the Constitution; they addressed many concerns about the new constitution, like no explicit individual rights (a Bill of Rights), no mention of God, and selfish economic motives of authors

it was adopted in the First session of the First US Congress establishing the US federal judiciary; it established one Supreme Court with no provision for composition of procedures of any courts; inferior courts could be established as Congress saw fit

was a decisive victory by the Continental Army led by Washington and the French Army Troops led by de Grasse; They easily won the battle against Cornwallis and Arnolds' British Troops

separated from the Anglican Church by Theophilus Lindsey; He believed in God as 1 person, not 3 as Anglicans and Catholics believed; In King's Chapel in Boston, James Freeman settled and established the church in America

was an offshoot of the Anglican church; it can together in a general conference at Baltimore under Bishop Francis Asbury

Was drafted in 1777 by Thomas Jefferson. In 1786, the Virginia General Assembly enacted the statute into the state's law. It supported separation of church and state, and freedom of conscience

slavery was abolished here in 1780 in an act saying that the children of slave mothers would be born free; abolished here first because Quakers disapproved of slavery on religious grounds and the Scotch-Irish couldn't afford slaves, so there was no demand

slavery was abolished here in 1783 in a Supreme Court ruling that it was illegal because of the wording of the 1780 Constitution that said that everyone was "born free and equal"