Chapter 27 Practice Questions – Flashcards

Which of the following is considered a primary sex organ in males? prostate gland penis testes scrotum

In response to warmth, the scrotum __________. increases its surface area becomes heavily wrinkled decreases blood flow to the testes pulls the testes closer to the body

match each item in the first column to the corresponding item in the second column. 1 - interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells) 2 - seminiferous tubules 3 - tunica albuginea 4 - epididymis 5 - pampiniform venous plexus a - site of sperm production in the testes b - fibrous capsule of the testes c - cools arterial blood to keep the testes below core temperature d - site of sperm storage e - make testosterone

The main component of semen is sperm. True False

The diploid chromosome number in humans is __________. 12 23 24 46

Which of the following is true about meiosis? Meiosis involves only one cell division event. Meiosis is how most cells in the body divide. Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number. Meiosis leads to the production of genetically identical cells.

Match the phases of meiosis to the events that occur in each phase. match each item in the first column to the corresponding item in the second column. 1 - prophase I 2 - metaphase I 3 - anaphase I 4 - telophase I 5 - telophase II a - Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed. b - Two genetically unique haploid cells are formed. c - Homologous chromosomes separate from one another. d - Tetrads align randomly along the cell's equator. e - Crossovers form.

Conversion of haploid spermatids to functional sperm is specifically called __________. spermiogenesis mitosis meiosis spermatogenesis

The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the __________. midpiece acrosome head tail

__________ acts upon the __________ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Testosterone; anterior pituitary Testosterone; sustentocytes Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); sustentocytes

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone? decreases sperm production stimulates maturation of male sex organs maintains male libido maintains male secondary sex characteristics

The ovaries are situated retroperitoneally next to the kidneys. True False

Match the following. match each item in the first column to the corresponding item in the second column 1 - uterine (fallopian) tubes 2 - fimbriae 3 - uterus 4 - vagina 5 - ovaries A - thin-walled structure that connects the uterus to the body exterior B - receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized ovum C - fingerlike projections that brush over the ovary D - generally the site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte E - house and form the female gametes

The __________ is shed during menstruation. stratum functionalis perimetrium myometrium stratum basalis

The __________ of the mammary glands are responsible for producing milk during lactation. lactiferous ducts areolae lactiferous sinuses alveoli

The pH of the adult female vagina is normally __________. basic neutral acidic alkaline

Choose the FALSE statement about oogenesis. Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries. Primary oocytes are stalled in prophase I until puberty. In oogenesis, three polar bodies and one functional gamete are produced. In humans, the secondary oocyte must complete meiosis II before it can be fertilized.

Which of the following are MISMATCHED? ovulation; release of a secondary oocyte ovarian cycle; monthly series of events associated with maturation of an egg follicular phase; development of a secondary oocyte within a dominant follicle luteal phase; characterized by decreased progesterone levels

__________ stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Estrogen Inhibin Progesterone

The functional layer of the endometrium is shed in response to __________. increased estrogen levels decreased progesterone levels increased progesterone levels decreased estrogen levels

Which of the following is NOT an effect of estrogen? promotes the development of secondary sex characteristics in females promotes oogenesis promotes diuresis (water loss) helps to sustain the density of the skeleton

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the female sexual response? The final phase of the female sexual response is orgasm. Female orgasm is not required for conception. Testosterone is the hormone that is primarily responsible for female libido. The female sexual response is similar to that of males.

__________ is a sexually transmitted disease that is associated with cervical cancer. Syphilis Trichomoniasis Genital herpes Genital warts

The __________ develop into the female duct system. urethral folds paramesonephric ducts mesonephric ducts gonadal ridges

Meiosis results in __________. two identical diploid cells two nonidentical haploid cells four identical diploid cells four nonidentical diploid cells four nonidentical haploid cells

In terms of the male sexual response, parasympathetic stimulation causes __________. erection of the penis the penis to become flaccid fertilization spermiogenesis ejaculation

The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that __________. two polar bodies are produced in spermatogenesis the mature ovum is haploid and the sperm is diploid spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only one mature ovum is produced in oogenesis, and four mature sperm are produced in spermatogenesis the mature ovum is diploid and the sperm is haploid

The organ that makes estrogen and progesterone is the __________. ovary vestibular gland vagina hypothalamus pineal gland

The primary sex organ(s) of the male is/are the __________. testes prostate epididymis seminal vesicle penis

The reason that the testes are suspended in the scrotum is to __________. protect sperm from the immune system place sperm storage sites nearer to the penis to reduce the chance of infection from the enteric bacteria create extra space for the sex organs to provide a cooler temperature

The sperm's acrosome __________. contains enzymes provides motility provides the blood testis barrier has a high density of mitochondria contains nutrients

The surge in LH that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers __________. ovulation FSH release activation of primordial follicles uterine-lining secretion menstruation

The usual site of fertilization is the __________. uterus vulva ovary vagina uterine tube

The uterine layer shed with each monthly cycle is the __________. tunica albuginea myometrium perimetrium functional layer of endometrium basal layer of endometrium

__________ cells, located between seminiferous tubules, produce testosterone. Thalamic Follicle Interstitial Myometrial Sustentacular

In which uterine phase does the functional layer of the endometrium start to rebuild? secretory ovulation menstrual proliferative preovulatory

What is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States? syphilis vaginitis genital warts chlamydia gonorrhea

Which cell type is ovulated from the ovary? ovum oogonium primary oocyte secondary oocyte tertiary oocyte

In order, list the structures sperm will pass through from the testes to the external urethral orifice. ejaculatory duct, epididymis, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, spongy urethra, prostatic urethra, ampulla seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, spongy urethra epididymis, ampulla, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, spongy urethra, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory duct epididymis, seminiferous tubules, ampulla, vas deferens, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory duct, spongy urethra

Which male structure is homologous to the female's clitoris? pubis prostate gland scrotum epididymis penis

Which of the following represents the order in which reproductive hormones are secreted in males? FSH, LH, GnRH, testosterone FSH, GnRH, LH, testosterone GnRH, LH/FSH, testosterone, inhibin LH, GnRH, FSH, testosterone FSH, GnRH, testosterone, LH

Within the ovary, progesterone is produced by the __________. corpus albicans tertiary follicles secondary follicles corpus luteum primary follicles

Sperm are produced in the __________. interstitial cells epididymis prostate gland seminal gland spermatic cord seminiferous tubules

In a typical or "average" cycle, ovulation occurs on day __________. 1 5 14 21 28

Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics found in women? FSH LH estrogen progesterone prolactin

During anaphase I, what structures separate and move to opposite poles of the cell? nonhomologous chromosomes nucleoli tetrads sister chromatids

The muscular layer of the uterine wall is called the __________. perimetrium epimetrium endometrium myometrium

Which hormone stimulates the ruptured ovarian follicle to become the corpus luteum? GnRH estrogen FSH LH

Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in the regulation of the number of sperm produced in the testes? gonadotropin-releasing hormone inhibin PSA testosterone

Which of the following statements about myoid cells is true? They elevate the testes. They form a duct that conveys sperm from the epididymis to the prostate gland. When they contract, they cause wrinkling of the scrotal skin. They surround the seminiferous tubules and contract rhythmically to squeeze sperm and testicular fluid through the tubules out of the testes.

Which of the following structures help(s) to keep the testes at a cool temperature? the rete testis the testicular arteries the interstitial endocrine cells the pampiniform plexus

Which of the following structures passes through the inguinal canal? the epididymis the prostatic urethra the ejaculatory duct the spermatic cord

Which of the following structures makes up most of the male urethral length? membranous urethra spongy urethra ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra

Which statement about vasectomies is FALSE? They are a highly effective method of birth control. The part of the ductus deferens that lies in the scrotum is cut. They are approximately 10% reversible. They involve a minor surgical procedure.