Anatomy and physiology chapter 21 – Flashcards

What muscular structures control blood flow through a capillary bed?

True or False. Arteriosclerosis can lead to hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction.

What is wrong in the following statement? Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following factors except: (1) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries, (2) the activity of the respiratory pump, (3) valves in the veins prevent the backward flow of blood, (4) muscular compression, made by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in what type of blood vessels?

What is wrong in the following statement? Total peripheral resistance is dependent on the following factors: (1) length of a blood vessel, (2) osmolarity of interstitial fluids, (3) turbulence, (4) blood viscosity, (5) blood vessel diameter.

What is correct in the following statement? Blood flow to a tissue will increase if (1) the level of oxygen at the tissue increases, (2) the level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases, (3) veins constrict, (4) arterioles dilate, (5) arterioles constrict.

True or False. Blood pressure increases if parasympathetic system is activated.

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries: (1) Decreased plasma albumin, (2) increased blood hydrostatic pressure, (3) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure, (4) increased plasma albumin, (5) decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

What is the relationship between a cardiac output and a venous return, averaged over one minute?

How would the blood flow through a vessel change if blood pressure doubled?

There are four blood vessels with the following characteristics: (1) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long, (2) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long, (3) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long, and (4) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long. In which of these vessels the blood flow would be highest?

Which of the following factors would increase cardiac output: (1) increased venous return, (2) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, (3) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart, (4) increased blood concentration of glucose?

If a person has a blood pressure of 150/90, what would be his mean arterial pressure?

What is right in the following statement? The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the (1) concentration of plasma sodium ions, (2) Concentration of plasma glucose, (3) concentration of plasma waste products, (4) concentration of plasma proteins, (5) number of red blood cells?

Which of the following factors will not cause an increase in blood pressure: (1) increased levels of aldosterone, (2) increased levels of angiotensin II, (3) increased blood volume, (4) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) (5) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow: (1) vascular resistance, (2) venous pressure, (3) viscosity of blood, (4) vessel length, (5) turbulence?

Which of the following produces blood colloid osmotic pressure: (1) a great salt concentration in blood cells, (2) the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall, (3) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma, (4) osmosis of water, (5) hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane?

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 45 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if the blood gains or loses fluid.

Increased stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in which of the following: (1) increased heart rate, (2) stimulation of the cardio accelerator center in the brain, (3) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart, (4) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system, (5) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center?

How will elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP influence the water balance and blood pressure?

How would heart rate and stroke volume change if carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge?

What part of the autonomic nervous system will be activated in response to increased levels of carbon dioxide and how such response will change heart rate and cardiac output?

What is wrong in the following statement? Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include (1) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure, (2) activation of ADH secretion, (3) activation of aldosterone secretion, (4) inhibition of EPO secretion, (5) increased thirst and water intake.

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery known as the

The hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood into the

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the

Veins of the brain empty into the

The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an

An aneurysm is a

Blood from the brain is drained by the

Cardiac cycle order

P wave

P-R interval

QRS complex

Q-T interval

T wave