Soc. Chapter 6 – Flashcards

Any transgression of socially established norms

Informal violations of social norms

The violation of laws enacted by society

Social bonds; how well people relate to each other and get along on a day-to-day basis

Social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts

The common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide; a set of common assumptions about how the world works

A form of punishment designed to transform the offender into a productive member or society

A form of punishment that attempts to restore the status quo which existed prior to an offense or event

Those mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals

Abiding by society's norms or simply following the rules of group life

Mechanisms of social control by which rules or laws prohibit deviant criminal behavior

the usually unexpressed but widely known rules of a group membership, the unspoken rules of social life

How well you are integrated into your social group or community

The number of rules guiding your life and more specifically, what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day-to-day basis

Suicide that occurs when one is not well integrated into a social group

Suicide that occurs when one experiences too much social integration

A sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation

Suicide that occurs as a result of too little social regulation

Suicide that occurs as a result of to much social regulation

Merton's theory that deviance occurs when a society does not give all its member equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals

Individual who accepts both the goals and strategies to achieve them that are considered socially acceptable

Individual who rejects socially defined goals in order to live within his or her own means

Social deviant who accepts socially acceptable goals but rejects socially acceptable means to achieve them

One who rejects both socially acceptable goals and means by completely retreating form, or not participating in, society

Indvidual who rejects socially acceptable goals and means but wants to alter or destroy the social institutions from which he or she is alienated

A micro level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions

The belief that individuals unconsciously notice how others see or label them and their reactions to those labels, over time, come to form the basis of their self identity

The first act of rule breaking that may incur a label or "deviant" and thus influence how people think and act toward you

Subsequent acts of rule-breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of your new deviant label and people's expectations of you

A negative social label that not only changes your behavior toward a person, but also alters that person's own self concept and social identity

Theory explaining how social context and social cues of disorder impact whether individuals act deviantly; specifically, whether local, informal social norms allow such acts

Crime committed in public and often associated with violence, gangs, and poverty

Theory stating that in addition to the legitimate economic structure, an illegitimate opportunity structure also exists which is unequally distributed across social classes

Offense committed by a professional (or professionals) against a corporation, agency or other business

A particular type of white collar crime committed by the officers of a corporation

Philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits

What the criminal justice attempts when it monitors and tries to prevent known criminals from preventing more crimes

When an individual who has been punished for a previous offense opts not to commit further crimes for fear of going back to jail

When an individual who has been involved with the criminal justice system reverts back to criminal behavior

Modes of monitoring, examining, and regimenting individuals that are diffused throughout society

a circular prison with cells distributed around a central surveillance station