Psych 105 Final – Flashcards

1. Regarding the difference between normal and abnormal behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Abnormal behavior is unusual, whereas normal behavior is not. B) The difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree. C) Normal behavior is not "crazy," but abnormal behavior is. D) Abnormal behavior is usually frightening and disturbing, but normal behavior is not.

2. Which of the following statements about DSM-5 is FALSE? A) DSM-5 describes more than 260 specific psychological disorders. B) DSM-5 provides a common language to diagnose and label mental disorders. C) DSM-5 is of little practical value to clinical psychologists and other mental health workers because it merely describes the symptoms of mental illnesses and does not explain what causes them. D) DSM-5 describes the specific criteria that must be met in order for a mental health professional to diagnose a particular mental disorder.

Trevor's heart was pounding after he ran up three flights of stairs. He immediately began to think he might be having a heart attack, which made him even more physically aroused, and this, in turn, made him more panicky. According to the _____ ,Trevor may be a victim of his own illogical thinking and may be misinterpreting and exaggerating normal physical sensations.

Mental disorder

DSM-5 (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)

Panic attack

Panic disorder

The textbook defines _____ as a persistent and irrational fear of something, usually a specific object or situation, that does not necessarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life.

Which of the following statements about social anxiety disorder is FALSE? A) People with social anxiety disorder typically are unaware that their fears are unreasonable or excessive. B) Social anxiety disorder is more prevalent among women than men. C) People with social anxiety disorder fear being embarrassed or failing in public. D) In severe cases, people with social anxiety disorder may suffer a panic attack in social situations.

The four core symptoms of _____ are (1) frequent, intrusive recollections of a traumatic event; (2) numbing of emotional responsiveness, (3) avoidance of stimuli that tend to trigger memories of the traumatic event: and (4) increased physical arousal associated with anxiety.

Phobia

Specific phobia

Social anxiety disorder

Post traumatic stress disorder

Jeffrey is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment windows sealed tightly, and refuses to allow anyone into his apartment. He carries his own silverware, which he uses when he eats away from home, and washes his hands every time he touches anything that has been touched by someone else. Jeffrey would most likely be diagnosed with:

When a person is driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern, he or she is said to be experiencing a(n):

A common side effect of ECT is:

Obsessions

Compulsions

OCD

Electroconvulsive therapy

The first antipsychotic medications

According to your textbook, the primary goal of family therapy is to

Jason has periods when he feels extremely despondent (hopeless) for no apparent reason. During these periods, he finds it very difficult to be productive in his college classes or at his job. Jason's symptoms are characteristics of the DSM-5 category of:

Antipsychotic medications

Family therapy

Major depressive disorder

During a manic episode, the person's thoughts often rapidly shift from topic to topic. This characteristic is referred to as:

Which of the following is NOT one of the key defining features of anorexia nervosa?

Lana is about the right weight for her age and height. Nevertheless, she is so preoccupied by her fear of becoming overweight that whenever she goes on an eating binge, she purges the excessive food by self-induced vomiting. It is likely that Lana suffers from:

Bipolar disorder

Anorexia

Bullimia

People with _____ are constantly tense and anxious, and their anxiety is pervasive. They feel anxious about a wide range of life circumstances, sometimes with little or no apparent justification.

People with personality disorders:

Howard is a 27-year-old man who lives in San Francisco. He has been fired from numerous jobs, usually because he got caught lying or repeatedly failed to show up for work. Howard has also been arrested twice for running various "con" games in which he swindles money out of unsuspecting tourists. He has been in and out of drug rehab for alcohol misuse several times. Howard's pattern of behaviors seems to fit which of the following disorders?

Generalized anxiety disorder GAD

Personality disorders

Antisocial personality disorder

Disruption in attachment relationships in early childhood has been suggested to be an important cause in the development of _____ since this disorder is characterized by intense and chronic fears of abandonment.

Researchers on effective psychotherapy have identified several common factors that contribute to a positive therapy outcome. Which of the following is NOT one of those common factors?

An approach to psychotherapy that uses multiple techniques taken from different major types of therapy depending on the client and their needs is called:

Borderline personality disorder

The dodo bird effect

Eclecticism

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychotherapy is TRUE? A) Most people with psychological symptoms seek help from a mental health professional. B) Research has consistently shown that most people must be in psychotherapy for a year or longer before any significant improvements occur. C) The gains that people make as a result of psychotherapy, including brief forms of psychotherapy, tend to be long lasting. D) As a general rule, the benefits of psychotherapy are minimal when compared to the almost identical improvement rates of untreated people with psychological problems.

Because of the various side effects associated with the first or typical antipsychotic medications

As part of the process of treating Phil's manic episode with lithium, the psychiatrist regularly monitored Phil's blood to ensure it didn't get too high and produce symptoms of lithium poisoning. Phil has likely been diagnosed with _____ disorder.

Lithium

In contrast to normal anxiety, pathological anxiety:

All forms of psychotherapy share the assumption that _______ play(s) a significant role in problematic emotions, behaviors and thoughts.

According to the psychoanalytic approach, patients develop more adaptive emotions and patterns of behavior when they:

Freud

In psychoanalysis, transference refers to the:

According to the textbook, DSM-5 has been criticized for:

Compared to therapists who practice traditional psychoanalysis, therapists who practice one of the forms of short-term dynamic therapy tend to:

Transference

Short-term dynamic therapies

The use of psychological techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____ as the use of medical techniques to treat psychological problems is to _____.

In a dissociative experience, what normally integrated aspects of personality are divided or separated?

. Priscilla's husband insisted that she go to a mental health clinic when she was unable to explain or remember her frequent absences from home, phone calls from people that she claimed she had never heard of, and check stubs from checks that she couldn't remember writing. At the clinic, Priscilla admitted there were long stretches of her life that were completely blank to her. Suddenly, Priscilla's voice, facial expression, and demeanor changed, and she said to the clinic psychologist, "Don't pay any attention to that old Priscilla. She's just a bore. My name is Patty, and I'm a lot more fun to talk to." The clinic psychologist suspects that Priscilla may be suffering from:

Dissociative disorders

Dissociative identity disorder

Philip has been hospitalized for an episode of schizophrenia. He believes that secret agents are bombarding his brain with gamma rays, and he sometimes sees grotesque creatures climbing on the wall of his hospital room. Philip's symptoms are referred to as _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia? A) reduced emotional expressiveness and speech B) severely disorganized thought processes and behavior C) delusions D) hallucinations

The primary goal of psychoanalysis is to:

Schizophrenia

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Who is most likely to have claimed that "The patient sees in his analyst the return—the reincarnation—of some important figure out of his childhood or past, and consequently transfers on to him the feelings and reactions that undoubtedly applied to this model"?

Freud once said about psychoanalysis: "The _____ accompanies the treatment step by step. Every single association, every act of the person under treatment must reckon with the _____ and represents a compromise between the forces that are striving towards recovery and opposing ones."

Which of the following is true of BOTH short-term dynamic therapy and traditional psychoanalysis? A) The therapist maintains therapeutic neutrality. B) The patient sees the therapist for a minimum of three sessions per week. C) The therapist and patient agree on specific, concrete goals for the therapy. D) The therapist uses interpretations to help the patient recognize hidden feelings and transference issues that may be affecting his or her current relationships.

Resistance

Who is most likely to have claimed that "The patient sees in his analyst the return—the reincarnation—of some important figure out of his childhood or past, and consequently transfers on to him the feelings and reactions that undoubtedly applied to this model"?

Freud once said about psychoanalysis: "The _____ accompanies the treatment step by step. Every single association, every act of the person under treatment must reckon with the _____ and represents a compromise between the forces that are striving towards recovery and opposing ones."

Which of the following is true of BOTH short-term dynamic therapy and traditional psychoanalysis? A) The therapist maintains therapeutic neutrality. B) The patient sees the therapist for a minimum of three sessions per week. C) The therapist and patient agree on specific, concrete goals for the therapy. D) The therapist uses interpretations to help the patient recognize hidden feelings and transference issues that may be affecting his or her current relationships.

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:

According to Carl Rogers, as therapy progresses and clients become more self-aware, more self-accepting, and less defensive, they will naturally move:

Both psychoanalysis and client-centered therapy stress:

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that:

Virtual reality (VR) therapy has become an accepted treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders. This is likely because it can still employ the effective behavioral technique called _____ for treating anxiety related disorders.

According to Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy, people who suffer from major depressive disorder:

behavior therapy

exposure therapy

cognitive therapy

Which of the following statements about aversive conditioning is FALSE? A) In general, aversive conditioning is not very effective. B) Aversive conditioning attempts to create an unpleasant conditioned response to a harmful stimulus, such as cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption. C) Aversive conditioning has been used to treat cigarette smoking, alcohol addiction, and compulsive gambling. D) Aversive conditioning is a key component of exposure.

Therapy involving confrontation and logical persuasion is to _____ as therapy involving nondirective, unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding is to _____.

A therapy that uses a pragmatic approach and involves a treatment plan that integrates behavior modification techniques and cognitive therapy techniques is called

Aversive conditioning

Which of the following is NOT a cultural value or assumption of Western psychotherapies? A) a focus on the individual's goals and needs B) the belief that problems are due to internal causes and can be resolved by an individual alone C) the belief that exploring painful thoughts and feelings should be avoided, as it tends to intensify psychological problems D) the importance of becoming self-sufficient and not being dependent upon others for psychological well-being

Currently in the United States, who may legally prescribe psychotropic medications to treat psychological disorders

Clinical psychology

Psychiatry