chem 2 exam 3 – Flashcards
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oxidation
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loss of one or more electrons
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reduction
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gain of one or more electrons
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oxidizing agent
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substance that causes oxidation
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reducing agent
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substance tha causes reduction
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E^o cell
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cathode- anode
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positive E^o cell
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spontaneous
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negative E^o cell
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non-spontaneous
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highest E ^o cell
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best oxidizing agent
worst reducing agent
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lowest E^o cell
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best reducing agent
worst oxidizing agent
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cathode
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reduction occurs at cathode
higher reduction potential
cations from bridge flow here
gains mass
electrons from the wire flow here
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anode
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oxidation occurs at anode
anions from bridge flow here
loses mass
electrons from wire flow away from here
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E^oOx=
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-E^oRed
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endothermic
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products > reactants
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exothermic
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reactants > products
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negative standard cell potential
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K E^ocell deltaG^o
<1 <0 >0
=1 =0 =0
>1 >0 <0
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zero order integrated rate law
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[A]t = -kt + [A]0
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first order integrated rate law
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ln[A]/[Aintial] = -kt
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second order integrated rate law
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1/[A]t = kt + 1/[A]0
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half life of a zero order reaction
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t1/2= [A]0/2k
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half life of a first order reaction
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t1/2=0.693/k
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half life of a second order reaction
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t1/2= 1/k[A]0
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electrons are charged particles. amount of charge that passes per unit time is
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current
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The driving force for the electrons (i.e., the reason they are flowing in the first place) is measured by
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potential
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Charge is measured in
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coulombs (C)
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current is measured in
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amperes (A)
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potential is measured in
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volts (V)
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work at constant pressure
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w=-PdeltaV
deltaV=Vf-Vi
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path function
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property that depends on the route/path taken to reach one state from another; ex: length, work, heat
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state function
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A function that depends only on the initial and final states of a system, not on the path in between.
enthalpy, entropy, free energy, temperature
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zero order reaction graph
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[A]
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first order reaction graph
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ln[A]
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second order reaction graph
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1/[A]
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entropy increases in the following situations
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1. s reaction in which molecules is broken into two or more smaller molecules
2. a reaction in which there is an increase in moles of gas. (this may result from a molecule breaking up, in which case Rules 1 and 2 are related.)
3. a process in which a solid changes to liquid or gas or a liquid changes to a gas
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favorable reactions
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delta H < 0
delta S > 0
delta G < 0
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unfavorable reactions
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delta H > 0
delta S < 0
delta G > 0
