Geography chapter 8 – Flashcards
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What is not one of the difficult strategic decisions that characterize geopolitics in South Asia?
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Pakistan is growing anxious over India's role in terrorism on Pakistani soil.
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What terms inform the simplified notion of overpopulation?
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all of the above
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How many people in South Asia still have not achieved middle-class status?
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1 billy
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What makes the migration following British India's partition so exceptional?
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A large number of migrants moved in a very short period of time.
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Which of the following represented the British Empire and its main purpose was economic control?
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East India Company
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What is an accurate description of the term, demographic burden?
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More dependent people than productive people.
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What episode in Britain coincided with colonialism in South Asia?
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Industrial Revolution
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What is true about the railroad system in India?
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It linked interior areas with seaports
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What South Asian country has Buddhism as its state religion?
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Bhutan
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What South Asian country has very different measures of arithmetic and physiologic density, due to its deserts and mountain ranges?
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Pakistan
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What is true about Stage 2 of the demographic transition?
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Birth rates are high, Death rates are decreasing, Population growth is high, (All of the above).
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Where would a Hindu have moved during partition?
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from Pakistan to India
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What is created when the shortage of females persists?
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"bachelor angst"
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What is not one of the countries that saw an improvement in economic growth rates following economic liberalization?
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Nepal
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What is not one of the geopolitical developments in U.S.-China-India relations?
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United States outright preferring Indian political alliances to Chinese ones.
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What language family do Tamil and Telugu belong to?
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Dravidian
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When did the Mughal Empire begin to decline?
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18th century
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What will help keep geopolitical maneuverings in the Indian Ocean in check?
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growing economic interdependence
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Where in South Asia do Indo-European languages dominate?
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northern and western parts
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What year did British India's partition occur?
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1947
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What was true about the social transformation of South Asia during colonialism?
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Education combined English and Indian traditions, Westernization was reinforced by British universities, It contributed to demand for self-rule and independence. (All of the above)
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How many people in India practice Jainism?
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1 percent
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What is the modern-day name of East Pakistan?
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Bangladesh
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What happened to the social geography of South Asia following partition?
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Hindu populations declined in East Pakistan.
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What religion emerged alongside and is a form of Hindu since ancient times?
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Jainism
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What is the physical geography or terrain of Kashmir?
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mountains
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What term defined as, "period of rule," describes the sway of British control in the South Asia realm?
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raj
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What stage is the South Asia realm in today?
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Stage 3
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What often distracts South Asian governments from attempting to improve the lives of rural farmers?
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Expanding sectors that add to the tax base.
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What formerly independent country does the Indian State of Arunachal Pradesh border?
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Tibet
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Where was the Hindu state located that was able to help weaken Islam's hold in South Asia?
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west
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What was the 1951 post-partition percent of Muslims in the total Indian population?
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9.9
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What is true about terrorism and Muslims in India?
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Majority of Indian Muslim have remained uninvolved in extremism.
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What was not one of the physical landscapes in which Islam spread through South Asia?
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into vast deserts
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What do Muslim's in Jammu and Kashmir call the incorporation of their territory in India?
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an occupation
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What is not one of the leading players in the "New Great Game of Asia"?
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Russia
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What contributes to the decrease in death rates in Stage 2 of the demographic transition?
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Advancements in medicine
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What is the modern-day name of Bombay?
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Mumbai
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What political entity was established by Muslims in the northern basin of India?
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Mughal Empire
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Where do most of the rivers on the Deccan Plateau flow to?
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Bay of Bengal
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What occasionally results from the South Asian cultural preference for boys?
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female infanticide
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What other world realm has India sought to build its own alliances as a response to Chinese actions in the Indian Ocean?
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Southeast Asia
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What is one of the ways that China is expanding into the Indian Ocean Basin?
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Extending military power by building navy bases in Bangladesh.
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When was the border between Tibet and India agreed upon?
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1917
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What year did India and Pakistan go to war?
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1965
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When did Buddhism emerge in South Asia?
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500 bc
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What is not one of the countries that surround Kashmir?
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Nepal
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What modern-day Islamic state was established by Muslims that arrived by sea?
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Bangladesh
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Which of the following tensions between India and Pakistan makes it more of a global concern?
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Pakistan and India were in an arms race that is now nuclear.
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Where does the moist air that forms a monsoon over the North Indian Plain originate?
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Bay of Bengal
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What is not true about the economic considerations between India and China?
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India wants to poach some of China's low-cost laborers.
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What is a legacy of the wealth that was generated for local maharajas who collaborated with the British?
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beautiful places
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Why did Pakistan move its national capital following partition?
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To stake a claim to its northern frontiers.
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What name did Pakistan give its newly placed national capital following partition?
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Islamabad
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What is the percent of Hindus in Pakistan today?
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2
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Which other world realm has a comparable population to South Asia?
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East Asia
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What group was already promoting the idea of a separate state as early as the 1930s?
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Muslims
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What is caused by the practice of gendercide by a population?
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An unnatural gender bias.
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What type of climate region does the high elevation Himalayas resemble?
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Polar
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What river is found in the western portion of the river lowlands physiographic region?
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Indus River
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What is the cease-fire boundary that divides Pakistan's Kashmir from India's Jammu and Kashmir state known as?
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The Line of Control
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What is true about India's Muslim population?
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All of the above.
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Where are South Asia's mountains dry and barren?
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West near Afghanistan
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What mountain in South Asia is the world's tallest peak?
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Everest
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What physical feature forces moist air from the Arabian Sea to condense?
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Western Ghats
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What is a correct description of partition in South Asia?
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The political division of India from East and West Paksitan.
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Why is Pakistan considered part of the South Asia realm?
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Ethnic continuity that links it with India, English is the lingua franca, as in India, Evolution as part of British Empire, (All of the above)
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What is the way to reduce the demographic burden of a population?
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Decrease birth rates.
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Where is the terrorist group that is responsible for the most recent attacks in India located?
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Pakistan
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What term is a more meaningful measure of people and area?
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physiologic density
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Which of the following is the first atmospheric condition that leads to the monsoon?
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High pressure system develops over the subcontinent.
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Which of the following describes the Indus Valley civilization?
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urban
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What is one of the reasons that South Asia's fertility rate is so high?
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Families would continue to have children until they had enough boys.
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What part of Jammu and Kashmir is claimed by China?
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northeastern
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Where is the Indian State of Arunachal Pradesh?
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northeast
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Where do most of South Asia's impoverished people live?
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countryside
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What percent of Bangladeshis are Muslim?
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90
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What percent of South Asia's population is rural?
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70
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When did the caste system emerge?
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3500 years ago
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What is not one of the natural boundaries that define the South Asia subcontinent?
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Pacific Ocean
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What happened after British colonialists saw existing Indian industry as competition?
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India began importing products from Europe, India's local industries were forced to decline, India began exporting raw materials to Europe, (All of the above).
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Why is the caste system so highly controversial in the West?
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It justifies structural inequality, It offers no hope for advancement, It determines lower castes by past lives, (All of the above).
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What is true about South Asian megacities?
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They have very high densities, They have poor environmental conditions, They have dramatic contrasts between rich and poor, (All of the above).
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What percent of South Asian people have attained middle-class status?
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25
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What Chinese plans further compound the disputed border issue in northeastern India?
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Planned building of hydroelectric dams in Tibet.
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For a poor person, what does a city have that a rural area certainly does not have?
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opportunity
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Why did Pakistan name its capital Islamabad?
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Because it proclaims its Muslim foundation.
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Where in Pakistan is the frontier being effectively managed by Taliban forces?
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northwest
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What was the percent of Hindus in East Pakistan prior to partition?
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30
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Which of the following South Asian religions would have benefitted most from the creation of a single regional government by the British?
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Hindu
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What is the name of the terrorist group that claims responsibility for the 2008 and 2010 attacks in India?
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Lashkar-e-Taiba
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Over what South Asian country does the monsoon begin to dry out?
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Pakistan
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What groups of people has Buddhism appealed to, in the past and today?
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ancient Hindu kings, Southeast and East Asians, lower-caste Hindus, (All of the above)
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What was not one of the assets produced for India out of British colonialism?
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A solid manufacturing sector.
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What is the name of the disputed territory between Pakistan and India?
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Kashmir
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Why does the United States put pressure on the Pakistani government?
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Its efforts to fight the Taliban are thwarted by Pakistan's inability to secure its border.
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Where in South Asia do Dravidian languages dominate?
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southern parts
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What do the northern mountains look like in the east South Asian area of Arunachal Pradesh?
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densely vegetated
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What do many South Asian farmers rely on for a good harvest?
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rainfall
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How large is India's Muslim population today?
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180 million
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What is the reason that India has refused the incorporation of Kashmir with Pakistan?
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There is no place for Hindus in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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What term refers to the structural change in birth and death rates in a society overtime?
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The Demographic Transition
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What political entity adopted tolerant policies toward Hindus?
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Mughal Empire
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Where was the political center of the Mughal Empire?
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Afghanistan
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Where did peoples speaking Indo-European languages come from?
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Iran
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What two Hindu groups were most likely drawn to convert to Islam?
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Hindu princes and low-caste Hindus
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What groups were the new South Asian elite of British colonialism drawn from?
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Hindus and Muslims
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Why was Kashmir an unusual case in deciding which country to be a part of following partition of British India?
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It was ruled by a Hindu maharaja that decided retain autonomous status.
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What terrorist group effectively manages the northwestern border of Pakistan?
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Taliban
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Where would a Muslim have moved during partition?
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from India to West Pakistan
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What was not one of the goods that were traded by the East India Company between Europe and south Asia?
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tobacco
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What year was the third consecutive "summer of rage" in Kashmir?
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2010
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How does China offer strategic support to Pakistan, to the dismay of India?
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By building nuclear power plants in Pakistan.
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What physiographic region includes the South Asian countries of Bhutan and Nepal?
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northern mountains
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What event caused the British to enforce the production of cotton in western India?
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The U.S. Civil War
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Which of the following explains the connection between high elevation mountains and large rivers?
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Monsoon rains, Seasonal snow melt, High relief drainage, (All of the above).
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What is one of the aims of the group responsible for the most recent terrorist attacks in India?
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To return Kashmir to Islamic rule.
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When could South Asian demands for self-rule and independence no longer be denied?
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end of World War II
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What was Pakistan's capital immediately following partition in 1947?
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Karachi
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What percent of Indians are Muslim?
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15
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Which of the following is the best description of a monsoon?
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annual rains
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When was the Delhi Sultanate established in South Asia?
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13th century
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What two tectonic plates collided to create the Himalaya Mountains?
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Eurasian and Indian
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When was the Mughal Empire established in South Asia?
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16th century
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What term represents the average woman's number of births?
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fertility rate
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What other world realm did Hinduism spread to?
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Southeast Asia
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When did Indo-European speaking peoples invade northern India?
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1500 bc
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What country has drier landscapes and grows wheat?
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Pakistan
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What is the main reason that the border between Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh is disputed by China?
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It was decided by the previously independent Tibet, which is now under Chinese control.
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What role did South Asia have in Britain's Industrial Revolution?
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South Asia supplied raw materials to British factories.
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Where in South Asia are Sino-Tibetan languages found?
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northeastern fringes
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What are the implications of India's Muslim population on India-Pakistan relations?
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Indian Muslims stall hawkish policies towards Pakistan.
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What term represents a comparison between males and females in a population?
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Sex ratio
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Which of the following is largely responsible for the modern-day political boundaries in the South Asia realm?
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British rule
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Which of the following was a religious belief system introduced by Indo-European speaking peoples to northern India?
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Vedism
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What was one of the economic results of economically liberalized South Asian countries?
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Growth in services, like finance and information technology.
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What is the river lowlands physiographic region called in the east?
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North Indian Plain
