Biol 1002 Test 4 Review questions ch 34, 39, and 40 – Flashcards

CHAPTER 34: All of the following statements are true of proteins EXCEPT which statement? (A) their subunits are amino acids. (B) they are important in transporting oxygen. (C) humans can make all of the amino acids needed to produce proteins. (D) enzymes are composed of proteins. (E) kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency.

CHAPTER 34: An anorexic person does what type of activity? (A) eats a meal and then vomits. (B) eats very little food. (C) is usually overweight. (D) has a bacterial infection in the stomach. (E) is primarily treated with antibiotics.

CHAPTER 34: Which of the following plays a key role in the absorption and distribution of fats? (A) segmentation movement (B) lacteal (C) secretin (D) microvilli (E) large intestine

CHAPTER 34: How is the stomach different from the small intestine? (A) does not secrete mucus. (B) secretes enzymes. (C) produces enzymes that work best at a very low pH. (D) absorbs the products of digestion. (E) has microvilli.

CHAPTER 34: Imagine you are a family physician. You see an 18-year-old with a lower-than-normal body weight and teeth that have been eroded by acid. What is your diagnosis? (A) anorexia. (B) ulcer of the small intestine. (C) bulimia. (D) pancreatitis. (E) liver failure.

CHAPTER 34: What is the major function of the large intestine? (A) digest food. (B) produce digestive enzymes. (C) make bile. (D) reabsorb water. (E) neutralize chyme.

CHAPTER 34: The average human body at rest burns about how many Calories per hour? (A) 1 (B) 70 (C) 500 (D) 1,000 (E) 5,000

CHAPTER 34: Wolves, seals, and cats are all examples of what types of animals? (A) omnivores. (B) carnivores. (C) ruminants. (D) herbivores.

CHAPTER 34: Digestion begins where in the human body? (A) mouth. (B) pharynx. (C) stomach. (D) small intestine. (E) colon.

CHAPTER 34: Minerals required for bone formation include which of the ones listed below? (A) calcium and phosphorus. (B) iron and sodium. (C) calcium and sodium. (D) zinc and potassium. (E) calcium and zinc.

CHAPTER 34: If you chew on a piece of bread long enough, it will begin to taste sweet why? (A) amylase is breaking down starches into disaccharides. (B) lipases are forming fatty acids. (C) disaccharidases are forming glucose. (D) proteases are forming amino acids. (E) maltase is breaking down maltose

CHAPTER 34: Which mineral is important for carrying O2 in the blood? (A) calcium (B) zinc (C) sodium (D) potassium (E) iron

CHAPTER 34: Sodium and potassium are minerals that are important in the function of what component of the human body? (A) blood. (B) hormones. (C) nerves. (D) bones. (E) DNA.

CHAPTER 34: Vitamin D is added to milk because it increases what? (A) calcium uptake from food. (B) digestion of milk protein. (C) digestion of lipids in milk. (D) its shelf life.

CHAPTER 34: A deficiency of what component listed below has been associated with birth defects? (A) chlorine (B) vitamin C (C) folic acid (D) biotin (E) vitamin K

CHAPTER 39: Which of the following is a mechanoreceptor? (A) olfactory receptor (B) heat receptor (C) hair cell (D) rod or cone (E) taste bud

CHAPTER 39: What is the characteristic of the fovea of the human eye? (A) made of mostly rods. (B) the part of the retina that produces the sharpest image. (C) located in the sclera. (D) located in the cornea. (E) where a normal lens cannot focus.

CHAPTER 39: What does the optic nerve do? (A) is made up of hair cells. (B) connects the two eyes. (C) interprets the action potentials it carries. (D) carries action potentials that originate in the retina. (E) forms a blind spot at the fovea

CHAPTER 39: The intensity of a stimulus is indicated by the ________ of action potentials. What is the blank? (A) frequency (B) duration (C) speed (D) intensity (E) loss

CHAPTER 39: Which of these animals has an eye with a single lens? (A) mammal (B) dragonfly (C) bee (D) crustacean (E) butterfly

CHAPTER 39: Human fingertips have the same number of touch receptors per square inch as the skin of the back. True or False? (A) TRUE (B) FALSE (C) Not able to be determined

CHAPTER 39: What happens in the eye for a person who is nearsighted? (A) eyeball is too short from front to back. (B) incoming light is focused in front of the retina. (C) lens is not functional at all. (D) aqueous humor is cloudier than normal. (E) muscle that controls the thickness of the lens is weak.

CHAPTER 39: The sense of taste relies on what? (A) taste buds only. (B) olfactory receptors only. (C) both taste buds and olfactory receptors. (D) taste buds, olfactory receptors, and mechanoreceptors. (E) taste buds, olfactory receptors, and nociceptors.

CHAPTER 39: The tiny stones in the ear, which move in response to gravity, are made of what material? (A) sodium chloride (B) magnesium (C) calcium carbonate (D) iron oxide (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 39: Which of the following is one way that ions are related to pain? (A) Potassium ions are released by bradykinin, which activates pain receptors. (B) Magnesium ions bind to potassium ions, creating bradykinin, which activates pain receptors. (C) Potassium ions directly activate nociceptors. (D) Potassium ions, when combined with bradykinin, cause cell damage. The cell then signals the brain to perceive pain. (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 39: Where are the receptor cells for hearing located? (A) cochlea. (B) semicircular canals. (C) pinna. (D) utricle. (E) Eustachian tube.

CHAPTER 39: Odor molecules diffuse through mucus and bind directly to receptor proteins located where? (A) brain. (B) dermis. (C) corpuscles. (D) dendrites. (E) axons.

CHAPTER 39: Photoreceptors include which structures listed below? (A) rods. (B) hair cells. (C) Pacinian corpuscles. (D) Meissner's corpuscles. (E) Ruffini corpuscles.

CHAPTER 39: The hairs in the ________ are vertical; the hairs in the ________ are horizontal. What the blanks? (A) corpuscle; saccule (B) saccule; utricle (C) corpuscle; utricle (D) utricle; saccule (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 39: Which mechanoreceptors are nearest the surface of the epidermis and respond to light touch? (A) cones (B) hair cells (C) Pacinian corpuscles (D) Meissner's corpuscles (E) Ruffini corpuscles

CHAPTER 40: The end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to a movable bone is called the what? (A) flexor. (B) extensor. (C) origin. (D) insertion. (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: A callus is what? (A) formed after a bone breaks. (B) involved in bone formation in the vertebrate embryo. (C) a thickening of the fibrous structure of a muscle. (D) a form of bone cancer. (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: An exoskeleton is found in ________; an endoskeleton is found in ________. What words complete the sentence? (A) humans; insects (B) humans; spiders only (C) insects; humans (D) fetal humans; adult humans (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: The part of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the movable bone on one side of a joint is known as the origin. True or False? (A) TRUE (B) FALSE

CHAPTER 40: In skeletal and cardiac muscles, relaxation occurs as ________ ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. What is the missing term? (A) sodium (B) calcium (C) potassium (D) chloride (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: The site of communication between a neuron and a muscle fiber is called a what? (A) Z line. (B) neuromuscular junction. (C) sarcomere. (D) axon. (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: Cnidarians have a(n) ________ skeleton? (A) exo- (B) endo- (C) hydrostatic (D) absent (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: Which of the following attaches one bone to another bone at a joint? (A) tendon (B) ligament (C) chondrocyte (D) cartilage (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: What might be a major disadvantage of having a ball-and-socket joint, rather than a hinge joint, in the human knee? (A) decreased muscle strength (B) decreased joint stability (C) decreased joint flexibility (D) a reduced angle of bend (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: Blood vessels penetrate cartilage. True or False? (A) TRUE (B) FALSE

CHAPTER 40: The body can control the strength of leg muscle contractions when lifting a heavy object by increasing or decreasing the? (A) frequency of action potentials sent to the leg muscles. (B) number of thick and thin filaments involved in each sarcomere during contraction. (C) number of calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (D) amount of ATP used by each active sarcomere during muscle contraction. (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: Calcium ions are released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum when an action potential stimulates it. True or False? (A) TRUE (B) FALSE

CHAPTER 40: If an athlete damages the cartilage in her knee, it tends to heal very slowly because cartilage does what? (A) is dead tissue. (B) hardens with age. (C) cannot be replaced or repaired by the body. (D) is rejected by the body as it is formed. (E) lacks blood vessels.

CHAPTER 40: Smooth muscle does what? (A) contracts when stretched. (B) produces fast contractions. (C) does not contain actin or myosin. (D) is under voluntary control. (E) NONE of the above answers

CHAPTER 40: Osteoporosis may occur when the activity of ________ exceeds the activity of ________. What are the missing terms? (A) osteoclasts; osteoblasts (B) osteoblasts; osteoclasts (C) osteoclasts; osteocytes (D) osteocytes; osteoclasts (E) NONE of the above answers