geo final – Flashcards

This figure shows two fault scarps, a lava flow, and erosion along one of the scarps. What is probably the oldest feature of those listed below?

This figure shows two sections that partially overlap in age. Dashed lines show how the two sections correlate. What can you conclude from these correlations?

This figure has rock units and geologic features that are assigned letters that are not in any particular order. From the geologic relations, what is the oldest unit or feature of those listed below?

The study of the origin and arrangement of the broad structural features of Earth's surface is:

If it contained oil, which layer would most likely produce an oil seep on the surface?

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have the deepest earthquakes?

Magnetic patterns develop on the seafloor as basaltic lava erupts and cools, and:

Intense geologic activity occurs at plate:

Each number on this figure refers to a location with groundwater in a subsurface material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which would likely have the slowest groundwater flow?

Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element oxygen (O)?

What ideas brought a renewed interest to the idea of continental drift?

This diagram shows a place underlain by uniform materials. Wells have been dug at A and B. Testing has shown the flow of groundwater to be 4 km/yr. If the people at A dump a pesticide into their well, how long will it probably take before well B becomes contaminated? The vertical exaggeration on this diagram is 10x.

What type of feature is represented by the boundary between geologic units 2 and 3?

From this list, choose the reason(s) that indicate(s) why you suspect a particular energy resource is present at location H.

Between 1960 and 2010, atmospheric greenhouse CO2 has increased by

Where on this cross section would groundwater most likely flow out to the surface?

Which of the following does NOT describe continental rifting?

Which of the following statements is true?

Using the data in this table, determine the age of the granite (unit G on this table).

What is associated with reversed magnetic polarity?

This cross section shows the location of a septic tank with harmful bacteria and 5 wells. Which well is least likely to become contaminated?

The density profile across a buried streambed suggests that:

Which of these septic tanks is most likely to spread contaminated groundwater far away from the septic tank, and why?

The accompanying graph shows the number of Atlantic hurricanes since the 1880's. Based on when most global warming has occurred, one would conclude:

Where on this cross section would water at the surface infiltrate to become groundwater?

In this model of atmospheric water, why is location C a desert?

Of these four lakes, which ones are above the water table?

This map shows contours of the water table and the location of a factory that contaminated groundwater. Where would you drill wells to intercept the contamination?

How did the Red Sea, shown between Arabia and Africa in this figure, form?

This iron oxide mineral commonly has a reddish color and consistently has red streak. What mineral is it?

Where is subduction occurring on this map of South America?

This cross section shows the location of 5 wells and the water table? Which well is most likely to be an artesian well?

On the accompanying map, volcanic eruptions are most likely at locations:

The stages associated with continental rifting are, in order from earliest to latest:

In accordance with the pressure gradient

How is magma created in a subduction zone?

How many times did the Earth's magnetic field switch from north to south in the last 10 million years?

Arrows on this figure shows flow cells in the atmosphere. Which area(s) would experience heavy precipitation, as results in rain forests?

Which site would most likely contain oil in the subsurface?

In this figure of Japan, what do the offshore trenches indicate?

Six large historical earthquakes occurred on the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault prior to 2004, with the last one of these occurring in 1966. The graph to the right plots the actual versus predicted dates of all the earthquakes on the Parkfield segment and shows:

Each number on this figure refers to a location with groundwater in a subsurface material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which two sites are on the opposite side of a groundwater divide?

The Earth's magnetic field is generated by:

Cracks and steps that cross the seafloor and run at right angles to mid-ocean ridges are called:

On this time-travel curve, if a large earthquake is 400 km away from the station, what can you say about the arrivals of the P- and S-waves?

The process of one plate sliding beneath another plate is called:

Which of the four numbered features on this figure is the youngest?

Which of the following sites will be most susceptible to damage from hurricanes?

Find the largest cold front located on the map. The air mass to the west of the cold front is likely to be __________ than the air mass to the east.

Which of the following would be LEAST useful in correlating the ages of these two sequences of rocks?

Select the statement that best describes how the process of plate tectonics circulates materials between the asthenosphere and the lithosphere.

What location on this map is closest to an area of relatively high pressure?

The boundary between two plates may not have the same characteristics in different geographic locations because of:

Which feature might indicate that this area has relatively recent earthquakes?

The geologic relationships in this figure indicate that the lava flow:

This photograph from the 1964 Alaskan earthquake shows a white area of seafloor that was uplifted during the event. What does this observation specifically suggest about how the earthquake might cause damage?

Which setting in this cross section of Wyoming would most likely trap oil in the subsurface?

The sand dunes shown in this photograph:

Which of the following landscape features is shown in this photograph?

On this map of South America, which features are NOT on a plate boundary?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mid-ocean divergent boundary?

This map shows elevations of the water table beneath an area. Which of the following maps is the correct contour map for the water table elevations shown?

What is the underlying geologic explanation for why western South America is so different from eastern South America?

Mid-ocean ridges form where two ocean plates:

Which site in the accompanying figure is the most likely setting for an oil field?

How would this stream interact with groundwater?

Which site in the accompanying figure is the most likely setting for an oil field?

This diagram shows a place underlain by uniform materials. What is the approximate average gradient (slope) of the water table in this location? The vertical exaggeration on this diagram is 10x.

Which of the following areas would most likely be a rain forest?

The plate boundary on the this figure is located between:

On this map of southeastern Asia and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a continental collision?

Island chains and seamounts cross parts of the ocean floor. These oceanic islands and associated seamounts are:

From the following choices, choose the reason(s) that indicate(s) why you suspect a particular energy resource is present at location F.

On this map of southeastern Asia and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a mid-ocean ridge?

The layer of Earth that behaves as a dynamo (electrical generator), producing the magnetic field is the:

Which of the following is associated with a mid-ocean ridge?

Arrows on this figure shows flow cells in the atmosphere. Which area(s) would most likely be a desert?

Where is the oldest layer in this tilted sequence of sedimentary rocks?

Unit C is present in the left column but not the right column because:

The continental block shown in this figure has a transform boundary, a reverse fault, and a continental rift. What type of activity could cause an earthquake here?

For these ocean currents in the Atlantic, which of these currents is mostly likely to be a cold current?

Which layer in the Earth has a composition similar to the green olivine in the center of this rock?

Which sequence of rocks in the associated figures could result in a confined aquifer (L = low permeability and H = high permeability)?

Volcanoes that present major hazards to people living on the continents are likely at location:

Movement of upper air currents will create

If an earthquake occurred near the oceanic trench in this figure, which one of the following hazards is likely to threaten the town of Mesaview?

Using this nomogram, what is the magnitude of an earthquake that is 500 km from a seismic station and has an amplitude of 0.2 mm?

Based on the position of the houses on Continent A, which one is built in the safest location?

How would this diagram change if the seismic station was farther from the earthquake?

Which location on this figure from the Investigation is located on a passive continental margin?

When two oceanic plates converge, some magma erupts under the ocean, forming volcanoes that may rise above the sea. These volcanoes can form a curved:

This map shows contours of the water table, the location of four factories (labeled A, B, C, and D), and contaminated and uncontaminated wells. Which way will the contamination flow?

What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? (4 jewish stars in a row)

How fast do plates move relative to one another?

When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from:

These data, derived from ice cores, indicate that:

If an earthquake occurred near the oceanic trench in this figure, which one of the following hazards is likely to threaten the town of White Sands?

This photograph shows an upper light-colored conglomerate and a lower dark basalt. Which of the following statements is true?

What mineral is shown in this photograph? (magnet sticking to it and paper clip)

Which of the following contains a modern continental rift?

What type of cleavage would be exhibited by a mineral that has this arrangement of silicon tetrahedron? (4,3,4, rows of stars on top each other)

The diagram on the right shows the record of one earthquake on seismograms at three different stations in a seismic network. These three seismograms show:

For precipitation to occur

If an earthquake occurred near the oceanic trench in this figure, which one of the following hazards is likely to threaten the town of Ashton.

Which of the following events is most like the formation of a cloud?

Which layer in the Earth has a composition similar to the granite shown in this photograph? (black white and grey specked)

An oceanic transform plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n):

What type of rock is shown in this photograph? (greenish back, giant gray rocks)

Broad symmetrical ridges that cross ocean basins are called:

On this map, a warm front is located between letters:

The regions of the ocean characterized by smooth ocean floor are called:

This figure shows two sections of rocks. Which of the following is NOT a valid way to correlate one of the numbered units from one section to another?

Using the data in this table, calculate the number of half-lives that have passed for the granite (unit G on this table)?

This figure shows a disconformity between an upper dark layer (being deposited by the sea) and a lower light-colored layer. What happened to form this disconformity?

A force that is important in driving plate tectonics is:

Which feature on this figure is formed by melting of mantle above the slab?

Which location on this figure from the Investigation is located on a convergent plate boundary?

Which feature on this figure is formed by bending of the subducted plate?

Which location on this figure from the Investigation is most likely to have volcanoes formed above a subduction zone?

The Pacific Ring of Fire is formed by:

For these ocean currents in the South Atlantic, which of these currents is mostly likely to be a warm current?

The feature at location 3 is probably:

This very common carbonate mineral effervesces when it contacts dilute HCl. What mineral is it? (3 giant rocks)

Which of the sites on this cross section would be the most likely place for a spring?

From this list, choose the reason(s) that indicate(s) why you suspect a particular energy resource is present at location A.

This iron oxide mineral commonly has a reddish color and consistently has red streak. What mineral is it? (3 giant red rocks)

According to this graph, which shows water balance for the Ogallala aquifer, which of the following statements are true?

On the accompanying map, earthquakes are least likely at locations:

Mantle convection involves the asthenosphere moving upward due to its lower:

What are some uses of magnetic reversals?

An accretionary prism of sediments and oceanic crust is formed:

A continent has an oceanic trench offshore of its coast. Which of the following is probably NOT present along this side of the continent?

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would most likely generate a tsunami?

Each number on this figure refers to a location with groundwater in a subsurface material that is consistent in character across the entire figure. Of these locations, which one would have groundwater flowing to the left?

Which location on this figure from the Investigation is located on a divergent plate boundary?

This map shows contours of the water table and the location of a factory that contaminated groundwater. Which way will the contamination flow?

What does the shape of these crystals indicate about the environment in which they formed? (pink, sharp, rocky)

From the following choices, choose the reason(s) that indicate(s) why you suspect a particular energy resource is present at location J.

Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element silicon (Si)?

Which numbered feature in this figure is the oldest?

Which site in the accompanying cross section is the most likely setting for an oil field?

Using the diagram below, if you were a geologist looking for water, which area would you drill an exploratory well into?

What occurs at mid-ocean ridges?

Using the Periodic Table, what can you say about the element magnesium (Mg)?

In this diagram, the contact between the granite (unit 1) and the lowest layer (unit 2) is depositional and the dike (unit 6) cuts across both units. What is the oldest unit?

Of the following numbered units, which is the youngest?

At mid-ocean ridges, as two plates diverge:

Harry Hess and Robert Dietz proposed that the oceanic crust in the Atlantic Ocean was spreading apart at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and that this process moved the continents apart from one another. They called this process:

What mineral is shown in this photograph? (giant white/tan rock w liquid being dripped on it)

This figure has rock units and geologic features that are assigned letters that are not in any particular order. From the geologic relations, what is the YOUNGEST unit or feature of those listed below?

What type of rock is shown in this photograph? (white with navy)

Which of the following sites on this figure contains a desert?

A convergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n):

What feature suggests that this is a strike-slip fault rather than some other kind of fault?

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have earthquakes along a subduction zone?

If you were trying to correlate these two sequences of rocks, what would be the most straightforward strategy to use?

Which setting in this cross section of Wyoming would be least likely to have petroleum, including coal-bed methane?

The main way new oceanic crust is created is by:

This map shows elevations of the water table beneath an area. Which way does the upper level of groundwater flow? Generally toward the:

Which layer in the Earth has a composition similar to the meteorite shown in this photograph? (gray rock scratched)

What would fossil ages from the geologic timescale and an isotopic age on the granite tell us about the age of the unconformity?

Mid-ocean ridges are elevated above the seafloor. The elevation of the seafloor:

Why would deposits of iron ore form in the setting shown here?

The mineral shown in this photograph is a sulfide mineral and commonly forms cube-shaped crystals. What mineral is it? (two metallic rocks)

What mineral is characterized by a reddish streak, as shown in this photograph? (rock scratching plate)

The majority of transform boundaries are found:

Which of the following features is associated with a deep oceanic trench?