Ch. 25 Fluid and Electrolytes – Flashcards

In one form of metabolic acidosis, a build up of fixed acids causes the concentration of bicarbonate ions to do what?

Solutes can be divided into two categories: electrolytes and ________

Match the components of the bicarbonate buffer system:

Fluid balance is maintained by the work of several organ systems working together. Which of the following systems is involved in fluid balance?

Which are common electrolytes found in body fluids?

If an acid is added to a solution, the concentration of H+ will ________, and the pH will ________

Most calcium comes from the diet and is lost in ________, _______, and _______

Match each chemical buffer system with its location:

Metabolic acids which are derived from metabolic wastes are more commonly referred to as ______ acids

Magnesium ions are predominantly found where in the body?

The percentage of fluid in the body is dependent on the age of the individual and the relative amounts of _______ connective tissue and _______ muscle tissue

Respiratory alkalosis occurs when PCO2 levels are ______ than normal

A(n) ________ is any substances that dissociates in solution to form cations and anions

Match the components of the phosphate buffering system:

Hormones that play a major role in homeostatic regulation of both electrolytes and fluids include:

Which of the following are ways in which we lose fluid from the body?

If an acid-base disturbance has occurred, which buffering systems are no longer capable of compensating for pH changes in the body?

Fluid sequestration differs from other fluid imbalances the total body fluid may be normal but it is distributed ___________

Carbonic acid is a _______ acid

The ECF has higher concentrations than the ICF of which of the following ions?

If your arterial blood pH drops below 7.35, you are said to be in a state of physiological ________

________ occurs when bicarbonate ion levels are above normal

Patients with a COPD, such as chronic bronchitis, cannot fully exhale causing their CO2 levels to increase. Because of this they are often in a state of respiratory _______

Imbalance in K+ levels in the plasma can lead to neuromuscular changes which can lead to _______ and respiratory arrest and death of the organism

The water in the body produced from aerobic cellular respiration is referred to as _______ water

Fluid imbalances can be organized into five categories including which of the following?

Which of the following can serve as a protein buffer system?

An acid-base imbalance below 7.0 or above 7.7 will result in:

______ is the most abundant electrolyte in bones and teeth

A chemical buffering system is composed of which of the following?

All are correct statements about Cl- and its regulation except which one?

The region of the brain that contains the thirst center is the:

Extracellular fluid includes ________ fluid and ______ _______

The physiological roles of phosphate include which of the following?

Systemic arterial blood should have a pH between:

Metabolic acidosis occurs when aterial blood levels of:

An increase in which of the following would ultimately or directly result in a decrease in fluid output by the kidneys?

Insulin _______ blood K+ levels by stimulating ________ in cells

Sodium is lost from the body in the ______

Renin is released by the _______ apparatus in the kidney

Place the following events in order:

Hypovenilation leads to ______

_______ water loss always occurs regardless of the hydration status of the organism

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP?

Which of the following may cause metabolic alkalosis?

Your father has chronic heart burn and is continually eating antacids as a result. This will ______ the pH of his blood

Low levels of Na+ (below the normal physiological levels) is correctly identified as __________

Metabolic-induced acid-base disturbances are caused by:

Which of the following are sources of fixed acids in the body?

Inside the muscle cells calcium is stored in the _______ _______

Antidiuretic hormone exerts its effects by which of the following?

In response to increased blood osmolarity, the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are stimulated to release more _______ hormone

Only the ______ form of calcium is physiologically active

True or False: extracellular fluid contains more negatively charged proteins than the intracellular fluid

The anion is a common buffer in urine and an important intracellular buffer against pH changes

Which of the following are examples of ways that fluid imbalances with changes in osmolarity can occur?

___________ hormone (vasopressin), which is released from the posterior pituitary gland, increases water reabsorption in the kidneys thereby increasing blood volume and blood pressure

True or False: most Americans consume meat and wheat which act to acidify the blood

Which of the following can cause respiratory acidosis?

Which of the following can result in metabolic acidosis?

A ________ is a solute that does not dissociate in solution

Pleural ________ is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity and is generally associated with lung infections

The normal level of K+ in the extracellular fluid is in the range of which option?

Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis?

If the Na+ concentration in the ECF increases due to dehydration then the ECF becomes __________

Because osmotic pressure depends on the number of solutes, Na Cl, which dissociates into Na+ and Cl-, exerts _______ osmotic pressure than glucose, which does not dissoicate

Water moves between fluid compartments by what process?

Angiotensin II causes which of the following effects?

An increase in aldosterone levels results in the increased reabsoprtion of what ion?

ADH levels increase due to nerve stimulation from what type of receptors in the carotid arteries?

A decreased glomerulus filtration rate will _______ blood angiotension II levels

In the ECF, the blood _______ has a higher concentration of protein than the interstitial fluid

ADH secretion is stimulated by which of the following?

Your two year old brother throws a temper tantrum and holds his breath. This eventually will cause CO2 levels to _______ his blood pH to ______

Fluid movement between compartments occurs because of changes to the relative _______

An increase in stretch of the adrenal cortex is stimulated by _______ blood pressure, and ______ Na+ plasma levels

Because they are smaller in size and unable to offload CO2 as effectively, babies are more prone to respiratory _______ than adults

A decrease in Na+ concentration in the ECF due to low salt diet would result in which of the following options?

Patients with diabetes mellitus often suffer from a pH imbalance known as ________ due to the breakdown of lipids instead of carbohydrates

ANP exerts its physiological effects in which of the following ways?

A baby that has chronic severe diarrhea may develop metabolic _______

Renal compensation _______ blood bicarbonate levels

Your baby has had severe diarrhea for days and is going into metabolic acidosis. Her respiratory system will attempt to compensate by _______ the respiratory rate

All of the following options are physiological roles of calcium except?

The respiratory system can compensate for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis by:

An increase in ANP in the body causes a(n) ______ loss of Na+ ions in the urine