MAN Exam 3 Chapter 11 – Flashcards

Millennials are more likely than older workers to A. be very independent. B. focus exclusively on financial rewards. C. appreciate a slower pace. D. want more hands-on guidance. E. be more patient in seeing the results of their work.

The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person her identity are known as her A. character. B. values. C. attitudes. D. attributions. E. personality.

Jenna really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Jenna probably scores high in A. emotional stability. B. conscientiousness. C. extroversion. D. agreeableness. E. openness to experience.

______ has been associated with success for managers and salespeople. A. Extroversion B. Agreeableness C. Openness to experience D. Emotional stability E. Conscientiousness

How should a manager use personality tests? A. Use graphology tests to infer personality. B. Create personality profiles of the desirable employee for different jobs. C. Experiment with various personality tests that appear on the Internet. D. Assess testing for any possible adverse impact on hiring women and minorities. E. Avoid them, as they are illegal.

A person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment is said to have a(n) ______ personality. A. emotionally stable B. proactive C. extroverted D. emotionally intelligent E. self-efficacious

The extent to which people believe they control their own fate through their own efforts is called their A. tolerance for ambiguity. B. locus of control. C. emotional stability. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.

People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance. A. high self-efficacy B. high self-monitoring C. internal locus of control D. high tolerance for ambiguity E. high self-esteem

Employees with a(n) ______ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision. A. high B. internal C. external D. absent E. low

Cara's manager notices that she exhibits an internal locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should A. give Cara a lot of positive feedback. B. ensure that Cara has a highly structured job. C. give Cara a job with much social contact with coworkers and customers. D. closely supervise Cara's work. E. provide an incentive structure to pay Cara.

Belief in one's personal ability to do a task is called A. self-esteem. B. openness to experience. C. self-efficacy. D. locus of control. E. self-monitoring.

Complex, challenging, and autonomous jobs tend to enhance people's perceptions of their A. self-efficacy. B. increased anxiety. C. tolerance for pain. D. learned helplessness. E. self-esteem.

Wei is a manager of several subordinates who seem to be low in self-efficacy. In an effort to improve this, she should A. let them learn new tasks independently. B. give them simplistic jobs. C. immediately create very challenging goals for them. D. provide guided experiences and mentoring. E. avoid giving positive feedback.

The extent to which people like or dislike themselves is called their A. emotional stability. B. self-esteem. C. locus of control. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.

People with low self-esteem ______ than those who with higher self-esteem. A. handle failure better B. choose more unconventional jobs C. focus more on their strengths D. are more dependent on others E. exhibit more aggressive behavior

If a manager knows one of her subordinates has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, she should A. provide frequent reminders about improving weaknesses. B. avoid delegating work to this subordinate. C. redesign the work so that it is routine and structured. D. avoid giving feedback. E. express confidence in the employee's abilities to complete given tasks.

People with high ______ are responsive to social and interpersonal cues of others. A. self-esteem B. self-monitoring C. locus of control D. self-efficacy E. agreeableness

Low self-monitors are often criticized for being ______ to others. A. insincere B. boastful C. aggressive D. unfair E. insensitive

The ability to cope, empathize with others, and be self-motivated is called A. emotional intelligence. B. self-awareness. C. social awareness. D. self-efficacy. E. self-monitoring.

Which of the following is a trait of emotional intelligence? A. situational awareness B. self-sufficiency C. self-monitoring D. social awareness E. self-efficacy

The ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways is known as A. self-awareness. B. self-management. C. social awareness. D. situational awareness. E. relationship management.

Organizational ______ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others. A. behavior B. development C. culture D. strategy E. science

The abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior across all situations are called A. ethics. B. culture. C. values. D. attitudes. E. perceptions.

Surveys show that employees are more interested in ______ rather than just earning a paycheck. A. advancement opportunity B. recognition C. benefits D. work-life balance E. status

The three components of ______ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral. A. value assessment B. attitude C. job satisfaction D. personality E. stress

The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. factual

The statement, "I really don't like that Samuel got so angry in that meeting," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. emotion C. cognitive D. affective E. value

The statement, "I won't give Kim such a tight deadline again," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value

The statement, "Spencer is slow to return phone calls," reflects the ______ component of an attitude. A. behavioral B. decisional C. cognitive D. affective E. value

Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce A. a self-fulfilling prophecy. B. fundamental attribution. C. a self-serving bias. D. causal attribution. E. cognitive dissonance.

Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest? A. When large amounts of money are on the line. B. When the individual has little control. C. When the elements seem like an inconsequential ambiguity. D. When there is little emotional investment in the situation. E. When the components of attitude have no inconsistency.

Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? A. Change your attitude. B. Change your behavior. C. Eliminate the self-serving bias. D. Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones. E. Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior.

According to Festinger, which of the following factors is most relevant as people deal with the discomfort of cognitive dissonance? A. Personal ethics B. Judgment of others C. Personality differences D. Control over the situation E. Experience with decision-making

The process of interpreting and understanding one's environment is called A. self-awareness. B. perception. C. cognition. D. self-monitoring. E. openness to experience.

Which of the following is not a step in the perceptual process? A. Selective attention. B. Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions. C. Causal attribution. D. Interpretation and evaluation. E. Storing in memory.

Which of the following is not a distortion in perception? A. Cognitive dissonance B. Stereotyping C. Halo effect D. The recency effect E. Causal attribution

The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called A. generalization. B. selective perception. C. a fundamental attribution error. D. stereotyping. E. the halo effect.

As an employee's age increases, his or her A. job involvement decreases. B. absenteeism increases. C. job satisfaction increases. D. work motivation decreases. E. organizational commitment decreases.

Brad was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning towards hiring Kai, a Japanese American woman, since he thinks Asians are better at math. Brad is exhibiting which distortion in perception? A. Racism B. The recency effect C. A fundamental attribution error D. Stereotyping E. The halo effect

The ______ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. A. halo effect B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. fundamental attribution error D. self-serving bias effect E. selective perception error

The tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information is called A. the recency effect. B. a self-serving bias. C. the fundamental attribution bias. D. selective perception. E. stereotyping.

The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in is called A. the halo effect. B. a self-serving bias. C. the fundamental attribution bias. D. selective perception. E. stereotyping.

Tori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson, since she beat her goal this year by nearly 30%. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said it was simply the economy. This is an example of the A. halo effect. B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. fundamental attribution bias. D. self-serving bias. E. selective perception error.

A waiter expects a group of poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers and gives them poor service, so he gets the result that he expects, a very small tip. This is an example of the A. halo effect. B. self-fulfilling prophecy. C. fundamental attribution bias. D. self-serving bias. E. selective perception error.

The extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work refers to their A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job enrichment. E. job satisfaction.

Julia really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Julia has A. poor job performance. B. low job involvement. C. low organizational commitment. D. poor job enrichment. E. low job satisfaction.

Which of the following factors is most relevant to a person's overall satisfaction with his or her job? A. Life outside of work B. Coworkers C. Locus of control D. Industry E. Self-efficacy

Job satisfaction results in stronger ______ and lower levels of ______ A. job involvement; work-life balance. B. motivation; life satisfaction. C. organizational commitment; perceived stress. D. perceived stress; life satisfaction. E. perceived stress; absenteeism.

The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals is called A. job involvement. B. job performance. C. organizational commitment. D. job satisfaction. E. job enrichment.

________ programs help employees to integrate and transition to a new job. A. Organizational citizenship B. Employee assistance C. Onboarding D. Self-efficacy E. Proactive

Employee behaviors that exceed the work-role requirements for the job are known as A. organizational citizenship behaviors. B. the halo effect. C. counterproductive work behaviors. D. self-efficacy behaviors. E. proactive behaviors.

Miles impressed his boss by making lots of suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Miles is exhibiting A. self-efficacy. B. onboarding traits. C. organizational citizenship behaviors. D. the halo effect. E. counterproductive work behaviors.

Absenteeism, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems are examples of A. organizational citizenship behaviors. B. self-efficacy. C. causal attribution. D. counterproductive work behaviors. E. self-serving bias.

Which of the following is a reason that some women face a glass ceiling? A. Poor goal-setting B. Inability to motivate others C. Poor financial performance D. Lack of mentors E. Inability to produce high-quality work

The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to A. hire all qualified disabled persons who apply. B. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability. C. hire quotas of qualified disabled persons. D. actively solicit job applications from disabled persons. E. hire disabled persons to qualify for tax breaks.

Melanie has a master's degree in psychology, but she is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. She is currently A. experiencing reverse discrimination. B. underemployed. C. lacking a support system. D. demotivated. E. recession-resistant.

______ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture. A. Reverse discrimination B. Stereotyping C. An ethical dilemma D. Diversity E. Ethnocentrism

Chris believes that he was not promoted to professor at State University because of the university's desire to promote minorities and women to achieve greater diversity at higher ranks. Chris thinks he is experiencing A. reverse discrimination. B. ethnocentrism. C. an ethical dilemma. D. diversity. E. stereotyping.

When others' expectations exceed one's ability, ______ has occurred. A. Burnout B. Role overload C. Learned helplessness D. Role conflict E. Role ambiguity

You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing A. role ambiguity. B. burnout. C. learned helplessness. D. role overload. E. role conflict.

A(n) ______ program includes plans to help employees cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health problems, and family issues that influence job performance. A. holistic wellness B. employee engagement C. counterproductive behavior D. employee assistance E. self-monitoring

Which of the following is not a suggested strategy for reducing unhealthy stressors in organizations? A. Rollout employee assistance programs. B. Recommend a holistic wellness approach. C. Develop a more formal structure with authoritative supervision. D. Make jobs interesting. E. Make career counseling available.