Endocrine Practice Quiz Medsurge 2 – Flashcards
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A patient who is frightened of needles has been told that he will have to have an intravenous (IV) line inserted. The patient's blood pressure and pulse rate increase, and the nurse observes the pupils dilating. What does the nurse recognize has occurred with this client?
1.) The patient is having a response to dehydration
2.) The patient is developing an infection
3.) The patient is in a hypertensive crisis
4.) The patient is showing the fight-or-flight response
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4.) The patient is showing the fight-or-flight response
(The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. These two hormones are released in response to stress or threat to life. They facilitate what is referred to as the physiologic stress response, also known as the fight-or-flight response. Many organs respond to the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Responses include increased blood pressure and pulse rate, dilation of the pupils, constriction of blood vessels, bronchodilation, and decreased peristalsis. The client does not demonstrate the signs of infection, dehydration, or hypertensive crisis.)
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Which of the following disorders results from excessive secretion of somatotropin (growth hormone)?
1.) Acromegaly
2.) Dwarfism
3.) Cretinism
4.) Adrenogenital syndrome
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1.) Acromegaly
(The patient with acromegaly demonstrates progressive enlargement of peripheral body parts, most commonly the face, head, hands, and feet. Cretinism occurs as a result of congenital hypothyroidism. Dwarfism is caused by insufficient secretion of growth hormone during childhood. Adrenogenital syndrome is the result of abnormal secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially androgen)
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A patient with hypofunction of the adrenal cortex has been admitted to the medical unit. What would the nurse most likely find when assessing this patient?
1.) Increase temp
2.) Decrease B/P
3.) Copious urine output
4.) Jaundice
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2.) Decrease B/P
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Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?
1.) Weight gain
2.) Decrease urine output
3.) Excessive thirst
4.) Excessive activities
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3.) Excessive thirst
(Urine output may be as high as 20 L in 24 hours. Thirst is excessive and constant. Activities are limited by the frequent need to drink and void. Weight loss develops)
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When preparing teaching plan for a client with an endocrine disorder, the nurse includes information about hormone regulation. Which of the following would the nurse include?
1.) The gland becomes enlarged leading to a deficiency of the hormone.
2.) Most disorders result from over- or underproduction of the hormone.
3.) The gland slows hormone secretion when the hormone level decreases
4.) Hormone secretion occurs as a straight-line continuous process
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2.) Most disorders result from over- or underproduction of the hormone.
(Most endocrine disorders result from an overproduction or underproduction of specific hormones. A negative feedback loop controls hormone levels, such that a decrease in levels stimulates the releasing gland. Glandular enlargement is not involved with hormonal regulation)
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Which of the following glands is considered the master gland?
1.) Adrenal
2.) Pituitary
3.) Thyroid
4.) Parathyroid
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2.) Pituitary
(Commonly referred to as the master gland, the pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the secretion of additional hormones by other endocrine glands. The thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands are not considered the master gland)
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Which of the following diagnostic tests are done to determine a suspected pituitary tumor?
1.) Radiographs of the abdomen
2.) A computed tomography (CT) scan
3.) Measureing Blood hormone levels
4.) A radioimmunoassay
answer
2.) A computed tomography (CT) scan
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A nurse is assessing a client with possible Cushing's syndrome. In a client with Cushing's syndrome, the nurse expects to find:
1.) Thick, coarse skin
2.) Hypotension
3.) deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area
4.) weight gain in arms and legs
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3.) deposits of adipose tissue in the trunk and dorsocervical area
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Wallace Guterman, a 36-year-old construction manager, is being seen by a healthcare provider in the primary care group where you practice nursing. He presents with a huge lower jaw, bulging forehead, large hands and feet, and frequent headaches. What could be causing his symptoms?
1.) Hyperpituitarism
2.) Hypopituitarism
3.) Panhypopituarism
4.) Panhyperpituarism
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1.) Hyperpituitarism
(Acromegaly (hyperpituitarism) is a condition in which growth hormone is oversecreted after the epiphyses of the long bones have sealed. A client with acromegaly has coarse features, a huge lower jaw, thick lips, a thickened tongue, a bulging forehead, a bulbous nose, and large hands and feet. When the overgrowth is from a tumor, headaches caused by pressure on the sella turcica are common)
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Which of the following endocrine disorder causes the patient to have dilutional hyponatremia?
1.) Hypothyroidism
2.) Hyperthyroidism
3.) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
4.) Diabetes insipidus (DI)
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3.) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
(Patients diagnosed with SIADH retain water and develop a subsequent sodium deficiency known as dilutional hyponatremia. In DI, there is excessive thirst and large volumes of dilute urine. Patients with DI, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism do not exhibit dilutional hyponatremia)
