PSY 205: Chapter 8 – Flashcards

More than people of any other age, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are:

Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. According to Erikson, Barbara is developing a healthy sense of __________ through these tasks.

What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development?

Why is it so important that children learn a sense of industry?

According to Erikson's theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either:

According to Freud, during the latency stage children:

Who described middle childhood as a time of latency?

Children's ideas about their intelligence, personality, abilities, gender and ethnic background form their:

When one assesses one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against one's peers, one is engaging in:

The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and yet emerges from those experiences unscathed is said to be:

In childhood, how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on:

When children act as parents and try to take care of everyone, it is called:

Since Carter's mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, Carter is often neglected. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping Carter to maintain his positive attitude?

A significant factor that aids children and families as they deal with problems and stress is:

Marissa and Jessica, sisters born two years apart, grew up in an impoverished, violent neighborhood. As adults, Marissa is chronically jobless and is addicted to drugs while Jessica is a professor of economics at a community college. Which theory might explain their different life outcomes?

Alan is an adopted child who lives with three siblings, all biological children of his adoptive parents. Alan's math skills are far better than those of his adoptive parents or his adoptive siblings. This provides evidence that:

Family structure refers to:

Family function refers to:

Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the:

In middle childhood, the experience of moving to a new neighborhood or community is:

The most common type of family for children in the United States is the:

Dimitri has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a:

Compared with single-parent homes, two-parent homes usually have:

The happiest time in a marriage is:

A study that followed married parents and their adolescent children found that ____________ on the adolescents' well-being.

The particular rules and behaviors that are passed down to younger children from older children are what define:

What is a hallmark of close friendships during middle childhood?

What factors generally determine whether a child is well liked by his or her peers?

The best example of an aggressive-rejected child is:

Children with these personality traits become popular around fifth grade.

Repeated, systematic attacks on those who are unable to defend themselves is the definition of:

Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is:

Girls who bully typically:

According to the text, what method is MOST effective in stopping bullying in schools?

What period is the prime time for moral development?

Lawrence Kohlberg built on the theories of _______________ in his description of the stages of moral development.

Leon is asked whether a person should steal food if they are starving. Leon says no because it is against the law. Leon is in Kohlberg's ________________ moral reasoning level, in the stage called _________________.

Conventional morality involves:

Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she is afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Kohlberg's stage _____________ of moral development.

Kohlberg's theory has been criticized because his:

When child culture conflicts with adult morality, children will:

Child labor has been deemed ____________ by the United Nations.