PSS 3421 Exam 3 – Flashcards

Before the chemical nature of genetic material was known, scientists knew that genetic material must do or be all of the following EXCEPT that:

In humans, 20% of bases in DNA are cytosine (C). What percentage of the bases are expected to be thymine (T)?

What would Avery, McLeod, and McCarty have concluded if their results had been that only RNAase treatment of the heat-killed bacteria prevented transformation of genetic virulence?

Suppose that Hershey and Chase found that phage ghosts contained 32P label but the label was absent from infected E. coli. Furthermore, suppose they found 35S lacking in the ghosts and present in the infected E. coli. They would have concluded:

This is NOT one of the resource tools that Watson and Crick used to solve the structure of DNA?

Both DNA and RNA consist of repeating units of nucleotides. Which is NOT a component of a nucleotide found in RNA?

Which is true of the secondary structure of DNA?

A rare form of DNA known as Z-DNA differs from the typical B form in that:

A new virus has been discovered in a species of bacteria that inhabit hot springs. The viral genome is found to consist of 4 ribonucleotides in the following ratios: 8% A, 42% C, 42% G, 8% U. The genome must be made of:

Which of the following is NOT an example of DNA tertiary structure?

Which statement is true regarding negative supercoiled DNA?

This is NOT true of most bacterial DNA?

Heterochromatin is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT that it

If a piece of chromatin contained 200 copies of the histone H4, then how many nucleosomes would be present?

Genes that are transcriptionally active will:

A linear chromosome that lacks a telomere at one end will:

Meselson & Stahl grew bacteria for many generations in medium containing heavy 15N, then shifted the bacteria to into medium containing light 14N for 1, 2, or 3 rounds of DNA replication. The DNA was extracted after each round & the density of the DNA molecules was determined by density gradient centrifugation. After the 1st round of replication, Meselson & Stahl saw only one DNA band of density intermediate to DNA containing only 15N or 14N. After this observation, which hypothesis for DNA replication could be eliminated?

If the dispersive model of DNA replication had been correct, Meselson & Stahl would have observed that DNA extracted from bacterial cells following a 2nd round of DNA replication in 14N would have been:

DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in prokaryotes in that:

Okazaki fragments are associated with synthesis of:

During initiation of DNA replication in E. coli, what is the role of helicase?

All DNA polymerases require a primer with a 3' OH group to begin DNA synthesis. The primer is:

Which enzyme seals nicks and joins Okazaki fragments?

DNA replication is an incredibly accurate process. When a rare mistake is made, most of the time a 3'-->5' exonuclease activity will remove the mismatched nucleotide. In E. coli, this proofreading activity is provided by:

Eukaryotic DNA replication is similar to prokaryotic DNA replication in many respects and similar proteins or protein complexes are required. Which of the following is NOT a correct functional matching of E. coli and eukaryotic replication proteins?

Replication of Eukaryotic chromosomes presents several challenges that are not found in prokaryotic cells. These challenges include all of the following EXCEPT:

Understanding DNA recombination is important in understanding ______________.

Which of the following is true of RNA compared to DNA?

When RNA is transcribed from a gene, which strand of DNA is used?

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the process of transcription?

In bacteria, the elongation stage of transcription:

In rho-dependent transcription termination, the rho factor binds to ___________.

A rho-independent transcription terminator includes:

Which of the following is (are) NOT part of a mature mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

What is the most likely result from mutating a prokaryotic Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

Which mRNA processing event adds stability to the mRNA?

Which arm of the tRNA binds to mRNA?

All tRNA molecules:

Which of the following is true of both rRNA and tRNA?

What kind of chemical bonds hold adjacent amino acids together?

If instead of 20 amino acids there were 200 amino acids, then how many nucleotides would you predict to be in a codon?

The anticodon 3' GUG 5' can base pair with which codon in mRNA?

Any given DNA sequence has ___________ possible reading frames and the correct one is set by a(n) _____________.

Which statement is true regarding the binding of an amino acid to a tRNA?

What is the final component of the initiation complex to be added?

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of how translation differs between bacteria and eukaryotic cells?

What is the base sequence of a DNA strand that is complementary to 5´- ATCGGATTC - 3´ sequence?

____________ and ____________ are pyrimidine bases.

If a DNA molecule of 50 base pairs contains 15 cytosine bases (C), how many thymine bases will it have?

The DNA of all eukaryotic chromosomes is associated with numerous protein molecules in a stable, ordered aggregate called ____________.

The concept that genetic information passes from DNA to RNA to protein is called_______________.

The thymine found in DNA is replaced in RNA by the closely related pyrimidine __________.

If a DNA molecule is 30% cytosine (C), what is the percentage of guanine (G)?

The type of chromatin which remains condensed in interphase and is usually found near the centromere and telomeres is called _____________________.

The chemical bonds in DNA, by which the sugar components of adjacent nucleotides are linked through the phosphate groups, are called _____________.

What type of bonds are found between pairing nucleotides in DNA?

Each ________________ is composed of a core particle, the linker DNA between adjacent core particles, and one molecule of H1.

Replication is _______________ in that each parental single strand, which serves as a template strand, is found in one of the double-stranded progeny molecules.

The mode of DNA replication in which a circular parent molecule produces a linear branch of newly formed DNA is called ______________.

The short fragments in which the lagging strand is synthesized are known as ________________.

Unwinding the double helix to separate the parental strands requires a ________________ protein that hydrolyzes ATP to drive the unwinding reaction.

The RNA polymerase that produces the primer necessary for DNA synthesis is called the _____________.

In a replicating DNA molecule, the region in which parental strands are separating and new strands are being synthesized is called a ______________.

The presence of a ___________ with a free 3'-OH group is essential for DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA since no known DNA polymerase is able to initiate chains.

Occasionally a polymerase will add an incorrect nucleotide to the end of a growing DNA chain. The presence of an unpaired nucleotide will activate the ____________, also called the proofreading or editing enzyme.

The chemical bonds in DNA by which the sugar components of adjacent nucleotides are linked through the phosphate groups are called _____________ bonds.

The position along a molecule at which DNA replication begins is called the ________________.

Polypeptides are synthesized by adding successive amino acids to the ____________ end of the growing chain.

In eukaryotes, transcription and RNA processing takes place in the ________________ whereas translation takes place in the ________________.

The 3' termini of eukaryotic mRNA molecules are usually modified by the addition of a ______________________.

The organelle where translation occurs is known as the ________________.

The enzymatic synthesis of an RNA molecule complementary to one strand of the DNA is called __________________.

The excision of the introns and the joining of the exons constitutes ________________.

An mRNA molecule is translated in groups of three nucleotides called ____________.

Translation is initiated when the small subunit binds to the ________________ sequence of mRNA.

The promoter sequence in eukaryotes is termed a _________ box.

The site of RNA polymerase binding to the DNA template is called the _______________.