BIO CH. 7 – Flashcards

In eukaryotic cells, glycolysis occurs in: the cytoplasm. the matrix of the mitochondria. vacuoles. the nucleus. the endoplasmic reticulum.

Glucose is stored in plants as ____________ and in animals as ____________. starch; cellulose cellulose; glycogen starch; glycogen glycogen; starch cellulose; starch

acetyl-CoA synthesis

reducing agent

oxidizing agent

Imagine that you notice rust has formed on the frame of your bicycle. How would this have happened? The iron in your bicycle frame was reduced and lost electrons. The iron in your bicycle frame was oxidized and gained electrons. The iron in your bicycle frame was oxidized and lost electrons. The iron in your bicycle frame was reduced and gained electrons.

The chemical bonds of carbohydrates and lipids have high potential energy because: they are easy to phosphorylate. they are strong reducing agents. they are strong oxidizing agents. their electrons are far away from the nuclei of the atoms. they are easy to hydrolyze.

During acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and an acetyl group. The CO2 is: less oxidized than the acetyl group. more reduced than the acetyl group. more energetic than the acetyl group. less energetic than the acetyl group. None of the answer options is correct.

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex plays a role in

In cellular respiration, oxygen: gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent. loses electrons and is a reducing agent. gains electrons and is a reducing agent. loses electrons and is an oxidizing agent.

Acetyl-CoA synthesis is an important step in cellular respiration because: it is the first step in oxidative phosphorylation. it links glycolysis with aerobic respiration. it generates ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. it eliminates toxic pyruvate from the cell. it transfers large numbers of high-energy electrons to electron carriers.

Complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 involves two different mechanisms for synthesizing ATP, oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation. Which is true of substrate-level phosphorylation? a. ATP is generated indirectly through the transfer of high-energy electrons from electron carriers to an electron transport chain. b. Most of the ATP generated in cellular respiration is generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. c. An enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an organic molecule to form ATP. d. ATP is generated by release of energy from the electron carriers NADH and FADH2.

When fats are used as an energy source, the fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA. That means that fats bypass the reactions of ___ and enter the respiratory pathway at ________. a. the citric acid cycle; glycolysis b. fermentation; glycolysis c. the citric acid cycle; oxidative phosphorylation d. glycolysis; the citric acid cycle e. oxidative phosphorylation; fermentation

ATP synthase

movement from NADH to O2