Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 24 Yung Su – Flashcards

Which of these is an accessory organ of digestion? liver appendix spleen esophagus

Which of these effects on digestion is not produced by the parasympathetic nervous system? decreased acid secretion increased mucus secretion increased production of saliva increased peristalsis

Which of the following functions occurs in the part of the digestive system indicated by the arrow? Secretion of buffers and digestive enzymes Acid breakdown of swallowed foods Secretion of bile and buffers Absorption of water and ions

The epithelium and the __________ make up the mucosa of the digestive tract. serosa adventitia lamina propria submucosa

A fatty apron known as the __________ protects the abdominal viscera anteriorly. greater omentum mucosa lamina propria rectus abdominis

Which of these is not an accessory organ of digestion? gall bladder liver salivary glands tonsils

The epithelium lining the stomach, small intestine, and most of the large intestine is simple columnar; the epithelium in the oral cavity, esophagus, and pharynx is stratified squamous. Are these two statements true or false? Both statements are false. The first statement is true; the second is false. The first statement is false; the second is true. Both statements are true.

Mechanical digestion begins in the oral cavity; enzymatic digestion doesn't begin until food enters the stomach. Are these two statements true or false? Both statements are false. The first is false; the second is true. The first is true; the second is false. Both statements are true.

During swallowing, a food bolus is propelled out the oral cavity; it is then pushed toward the esophagus by peristaltic contractions of pharyngeal smooth muscles. Are these two statements true or false? The first statement is true; the second is false. The first statement is false; the second is true. Both statements are true. Both statements are false.

Which of these is not a function of the stomach? to secrete enzymes that break down carbohydrates to secrete enzymes that break down proteins to mechanically digest food to secrete hydrochloric acid

What is the most superior region of the stomach called? body fundus cardia pylorus

What are the wrinkles in the wall of the stomach called? pyloris antrum lesser curvature rugae pyloric sphincter

How is the muscularis externa modified in the stomach? There is only one layer of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of the stomach. The muscularis externa is made of skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle. The muscularis externa of the stomach has plicae circularis. There is an additional third oblique layer of smooth muscle.

Most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is performed in the __________. duodenum stomach ileum jejunum

To increase surface area for absorption, the apical surface of the jejunum epithelium has many folds and protrusions. Which of these is not one of them? plicae circulares lacteals microvilli villi

Which bile duct leads into and out of the gallbladder? right hepatic duct cystic duct common bile duct left hepatic duct

Into which section of the small intestine do both the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct empty? ileum jejunum duodenum

What is the name of the blood vessel that brings blood from the small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and spleen to the liver? common hepatic artery left hepatic artery right gastric artery hepatic portal vein

What is the function of the green-colored structure indicated by the arrow? Contraction of villi Regulation of digestion Transport of lipids Transport of sugars and amino acids

The three divisions of the small intestine include all of these except the __________. duodenum ileum jejunum cecum

Lipid-soluble vitamins cross the digestive epithelium primarily by _________. vesicular transport diffusion active transport channel-mediated diffusion

During digestion of triglycerides, fatty acids enter the intestinal mucosa by diffusion; then, they are then re-synthesized into triglycerides that enter the lymph as chylomicrons. Are these two statements true or false? Both statements are true. The first statement is true; the second is false. The first statement is false; the second is true. Both statements are false.

The enzyme alpha-amylase that digests polysaccharides is secreted by the __________. pancreas duodenum brush border All of these structures secrete alpha-amylase.

The cephalic phase of stomach function is an example of the __________ system interacting with the digestive system. cardiovascular endocrine nervous urinary

Weakening of digestive smooth muscle with age can promote __________. hemorrhoids Any of these conditions can occur with age-related weakening of the digestive smooth muscle. inflammation of the haustra constipation

Regulation of digestion depends on the __________. enteric nervous system central nervous system endocrine system All of these systems are important in the regulation of digestion.