Bio 211 Unit 5 – Flashcards
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In biology, an adaptation is defined as
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a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment
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Which type of selection tends to increase genetic variation?
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Disruptive Selection
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Why do related species share homologous traits?
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Related species inherited homologous traits from a common ancestor.
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Similar gill pouches in embryos of a chick, human, and cat are an example of
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developmental homology
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How does inbreeding alter genotype and allele frequencies?
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Homozygotes increase in frequency in the population over generations.
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Why is it that falcons cannot fly as fast as a fighter jet?
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Adaptive traits are constrained by historical and genetic factors.
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Why are males usually the sex with exaggerated traits used in courtship?
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In most species, females protect their larger investment in offspring by being choosy about their mates.
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Which statement about inbreeding is correct?
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A. Offspring produced by inbreeding have high
biological fitness.
*B.* Inbreeding increases the rate of purifying
selection.
C. Inbreeding changes allele frequencies in a
population.
D. Inbreeding increases random mating.
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Which of the following is associated with inbreeding?
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A. The frequency of homozygotes decreases in a
population.
B. Allele frequencies change in a population.
*C.* Individual plants self-fertilize.
D. Individuals in a population experience depression.
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Which characteristic is common to both inbreeding and sexual selection?
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They are both forms of nonrandom mating.
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Why isn't inbreeding considered an evolutionary process?
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It does not change allele frequencies.
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Which scenario illustrates heterozygote advantage?
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Individuals who are heterozygous at a given locus are more fit than individuals who are homozygous at the same locus.
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True or false? Some traits are considered vestigial because they are reduced or incompletely developed structures.
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True
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Why did Darwin document and describe vestigial traits?
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Vestigial traits indicate that species change over time. This is an important pattern component of the theory of evolution and is inconsistent with the theory of special creation.
