Chapter 25 Core Content HW – Flashcards
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BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Hormones and Homeostasis
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a. Negative feedback
b. Endocrine cell
c. Hormone
d. Blood vessel
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When blood glucose levels are high
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The pancreas releases insulin.
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A liver cell responds to insulin by
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Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.
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What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?
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Liver cells.
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Body cells that respond to insulin include
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Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.
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When blood glucose levels are low
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The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.
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The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called
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homeostasis
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BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Regulating Blood Sugar
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a. Pancreas releases insulin.
b. Body cells take up more glucose.
c. Liver takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen.
d. Blood glucose decreases to normal.
e. Pancreas releases glucagon.
f. Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose to the blood.
g. Blood glucose increases to normal.
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BioFlix Activity: Homeostasis -- Low Blood Glucose
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1. Low blood glucose
2. Cells in the pancreas
3. Glucagon
4. Liver cells
5. Glycogen breakdown; glucose released into blood
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Which of these glands secretes releasing hormones?
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hypothalamus
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Which of these hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response to danger?
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress.
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glucocorticoids
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_____ are the main male hormones.
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Androgens
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What hormone promotes water retention by the kidneys?
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Which hormone opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?
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calcitonin
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Which hormone stimulates hormone production by the ovaries and testes?
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luteinizing hormone (LH)
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Which hormone stimulates milk production?
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prolactin
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Learning through Art: The Human Endocrine System
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a. pituitary
b. growth hormone
c. thyroid
d. calcitonin, T3 and T4
e. pancreas
f. insulin, glucagon
g. ovaries
h. estrogens, progesterone
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From which part of the pituitary are hypothalamic hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin released?
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Posterior pituitary
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How do hormones from the hypothalamus get to the anterior pituitary gland?
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They are released near a capillary bed in the hypothalamus and travel a short distance to a second capillary bed in the pituitary, where they diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.
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Receptors for nonsteroid hormones are located in _____.
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association with a cell's plasma membrane
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Which of these is a nonsteroid hormone?
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epinephrine and oxytocin
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How do nonsteroid hormones differ from steroid hormones?
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nonsteroid hormones act via signal transduction pathways; steroid hormones do not act via signal transduction pathways
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Which of these extracellular signal molecules could diffuse through a plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?
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estrogen
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The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that _____.
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they turn genes on or off and it takes time for gene products to build up or become depleted
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Steroid hormone-receptor complexes act in _____.
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the nucleus
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Every hormone __________.
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acts as a signal between cells
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Hormones are carried throughout the body to __________.
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control whole-body activities
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An important function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is __________.
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calcium homeostasis
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The __________ is/are the master control center of the endocrine system.
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hypothalamus
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Which of the following organs has significant endocrine and nonendocrine functions?
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pancreas
