Chapter 17 World War II – Flashcards

was an American military leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense; referred to as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill during WWII

America's leading black labor leader who called for a march on Washington D.C. during World War Two to protest factories' refusals to hire African Americans, which eventually led to President Roosevelt issuing an executive order to end all discrimination in the defense industries.

native born American citizens of Japanese descent that were shipped to internment camps during WWII.

WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation

government agency that decided which companies would make war materials and how to distribute raw materials

Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military

American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe; organized D-Day

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

Known as "Old Blood and Guts," George S. Patton, Jr. was one of the most colorful generals of World War II. During World War II he served in North Africa and Sicily before becoming the commander of the Third Army.

WWII battle in which German forces launched a final counterattack in the west; December 1944-January 1945

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.

United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)

World War II strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan

a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

United States physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb (1904-1967)

City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War Two.

Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945).

FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War

International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations.

Series of trials in 1945 conducted by an International Military Tribunal in which former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes

Tried the A criminals in regard to the Japanese war atrocities committed.

It means the victor decides all the conditions the loser must agree to. The Allies wanted Germany and Japan to agree to unconditional surrender.

August 15, 1945 - the Victory in Japan Day when the Japanese surrendered