Ch 4,7,8 Quiz – Flashcards
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A disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that
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Participants who drop out during the course of the study may be different in important ways from ones who did not drop out.
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In Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following exemplifies the concept of accommodation
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An infant trying unsuccessfully to suck her fist opens her mouth wider and is successful.
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Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget's stage of cognitive development
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Formal operations
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Developmental research of the formation of attachment indicates that a child's secure attachment to its mother during infancy is predictive of which of the following during toddler years?
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Social competence
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Carol Gilligan's critique of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development focuses primarily on
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Differences between males and females in the course of moral development
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Which of the following best reflects contemporary interpretations of classical conditioning?
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They take into account cognitive processes like expectancy
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Money most often modifies people's behavior because it is a powerful
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Secondary reinforcer
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Learning that is not demonstrated as it occurs is called
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Latent learning
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A monkey's choosing a circle from an array of geometric shapes in order to be rewarded with a banana is an example of
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Stimulus discrimination
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Four year old Scott fell down stairs at grandma's. He was not hurt but frightened. When parents mention visiting grandma's house, he feels anxious and fearful. In classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus in the scenario.
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Grandmother's house; falling
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Which of the following is a partial reinforcement schedule that is most resistant to extinction?
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Variable ratio
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A child who learns that spoons are tableware and then correctly calls forks and knives tableware is demonstrating
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Stimulus generalization
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Robert Rescorla's contingency model of classical conditioning states that
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Conditioning only occurs when one event reliably predicts another
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People who difficulty remembering recently learned material because of similar information learned earlier in life are demonstrating the phenomenon of
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Proactive interference
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In Elizabeth Loftus's study of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was
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Wording of questions the students were asked about the accident
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The feeling that you know someone's name, but cannot quite recall it, is an example of
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The tip of the tongue phenomenon
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Which of the following kinds of learning is indicated by the ability to recall a memorized list of unrelatable words in reverse order?
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Serial
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In memory experiments on free recall, the recency effect refers specifically to the
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Enhanced recall of items at the end of a list of words
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A researcher asks participants to identify red shapes on a screen. Following, novel objects of various colors are shown. They correctly identify red objects more quickly than objects of a different color. The results illustrate
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Priming
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In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning for a memory quiz. During the recall test, group B recalls more words than Group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in
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Levels of processing