AP Human Geography Unit 4 Vocab – Flashcards

map that shows political/defined boundary lines between states and within states

independence of control of its internal affairs by other states

an area organized into a political unit with an established government with control of its affairs

effort by one country to establish territories (sending settlers)

create empire by establishing control over foreign areas without resettlement

group of people grouped as one based off of shared cultures and histories.

politically organized area where nation and state occupy the same space

nations without a state

a state with many nations inside of its boundaries

a nation that stretches across borders and states

region that has complete control of it's own government

a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly

a state with a long narrow shape

a state that completely surrounds another one

a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension

loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

the period of competition between the United States and the USSR, lasted from the end of WWII to 1991

effort by people to create a new sovereign state in a place inside of another state (devolution failed)

Halford Mackinder; political power depends of geographic location; 3 rules: heartland Europe, then Asia and Africa, "world island" will make world domination (pre-WWII 1904)

Nicolas spykman; control land that touches water and you will control the world (in WWII 1940)

Fredrich Ratzel; cultures need adequate space to grow; organisms take what they need to survive (adopted by Hitler)

the connection of people, their culture, and their economy to the land (how people display their ownership of land)

mutually accepted border between two places

the process of drawing political boundaries

a border physically marked off with a wall fence or other structure

a border that is actively managed and protected by a sovereign government.

boundary between two sovereign states

boundaries put into uninhabited areas

carving up a territory based on existing ethnic groups

drawn after a population has settled in the state, typically disregarding existing patterns of settlement

outdated boundary no longer used

rule of the ownership of oceans and coasts. 12 miles: territorial 200 miles: exclusive to economy everything else is international waters

a territorial subdivision for electing members to a legislative body

redrawing of subnational political units that usually leads to disagreements

redrawing political boundaries to benefit a party (the one in power)

place most power in the hands of central government

power and authority are concentrated in one political body (unitary)

any way that a state is divided into smaller units

strong power to units of local governments

a subnational political unit made up of a small area such as a city town or village

the belief that sovereign states should join together in associations for economic, militaristic, or scientific cooperation

reason for supranationalism: countries coordinating imports and exports/economies to benefit both parties

reason for supranationalism: encourages more open trading partnerships, states can give each other tax breaks

reason for supranationalism: decrease the chance of being attacked, provide peace of mind as militaries join up

reason for supranationalism: global cooperation needed to solve bigger environmental problems that encompass all states

The United Nations; world's largest supranat. organization; includes all countries but 3: Kosoro, Taiwan, Vatican City; type- economic, militaristic, cultural

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; formed shortly after WWII; includes Western Europe, USA, and areas bordering the North Atlantic; type- militaristic, political

European Union; post WWII to make a European identity, includes 28 European countries but NOT Russia, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland; type-economic and political

Association of Southeast Asian Nations; regional network of smaller Asian countries; includes 10 SE Asian countries, but not Papau New Guinea or East Timor; type-economic and political

North American Free Trade Agreement; largest free trade agreement made to compete with European Union; includes USA, Canada, Mexico; type-economic

the movement of power downward from a centralized government to more local or regional forces.

belief that ethnicities should get their own space and autonomy (can occur from devolution failures)

the belief that a territory belonging to another country should be annexed for cultural or historical reasons (okay to redraw state boundaries to include another part of a state)

process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among ethnicities

transition to a more democratic system with representatives elected by the public

economic centrifugal force that that results when gov. doesn't spend equal tax funds, so some places have better living conditions than others

centripetal force that binds people based on a shared culture, history, and ethnicity