Bennett Biology ch 12 – Flashcards

Are II-1 and II-2 carriers of the trait? How do you know?

What is the probability that II-1 and II-2 will produce an individual with the trait being studied? Draw a Punnett square to show your work.

What is the likely genotype of II-4 for the trait being studied in the pedigree?

Recessive disorder that results from the absence of an enzyme required to break lipids down

Lethal genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele

Most common genetic disorder among white Americans

Recessive disorder that results from the absence of an enzyme that converts one amino acid into another one

Widow's peak and hitch hiker's thumb

When traits are inherited in an incomplete dominance pattern, what is true of the phenotype of the heterozygotes?

In what type of inheritance are both alleles expressed equally?

Traits controlled by more than two alleles are said to have multiple alleles.

Multiple alleles can be studied only in individuals.

In humans, there are 23 pairs of matching homologous chromosomes called autosomes.

Two chromosomes called the sex chromosomes determine the sex of an individual.

The sex chromosomes of a human male are XX, and the sex chromosomes of a human female are XY.

Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes are called sex- linked traits.

The first known example of sex-linked inheritance was discovered in pea plants.

What characteristics of an organism can affect gene function?

Do the internal environments of males and females differ? Explain.

What are some environmental factors that can influence gene expression?

Give two examples of how an environmental factor can affect the expression of a phenotype.

Genotypes:IAIA or IAi Human Blood Groups Surface Molecules:A

Genotypes:IBIB or IBi Phenotype:B

Human Blood Groups Surface Molecules:A and B Phenotypes: AB

Human Blood Groups Surface Molecules:None

Blood groups are a classic example of_________inheritance in humans.

The alleles __________________ are always both expressed.

The alleles IA and IB are __________________ , meaning they are always both expressed.

IA and IB are dominant to __________________ .

Blood typing is necessary before a person can receive a _____________________ .

A child who inherits IA from his mother and IB from his father will have type __________________ blood.

A child whose parents both have type O blood will have type __________________ blood.

If a woman with blood type A has a baby with blood type AB, a man with blood type O __________________ be the father.

Blood tests __________________ be used to prove that a certain man is the father of a child.

A heterozygous individual is said to be this.

Two healthy parents produce a child with the genetic disorder of cystic fibrosis, which is the result of a recessive gene. The two parents must have both been these.

A cleft chin, widow's peak, freely hanging earlobes, and hitch-hiker's thumb are all example of these types of traits.

Of the diseases discussed in class, this is a human genetic disorder caused by a dominant gene.

Of the diseases discussed in class, this genetic disorder can be detected by karyotyping.

Eye color in humans is the result of this type of inheritance.

When roan cattle are mated, 25% of the offspring are red, 50% are roan, and 25% are white. Upon examination, it can be seen that the coat of a roan cow consists of both red and white hairs, which is an example of this.

If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red eyes (XRXr) crossed with a white-eyed male (XrY), this is the percent of their offspring that would have white eyes.

A man heterozygous for blood type A marries a woman heterozygous for blood type B. The chance that their first child will have type O blood is this.

This is the genetic reason for Down syndrome.

These are two ways in which humans have benefited from selective breeding.

This is used to develop pure breeds.

A gene gun, a plasmid, and a virus may each be classified as one of these because they are mechanisms by which foreign DNA may be transferred into a host cell.

You are trying to determine the genotype of a long-eared rabbit. You cross the rabbit with a short-eared rabbit, which is homozygous recessive. If their offspring are half long-eared and half short-eared, this is the genotype of the long-eared rabbit parent.

Why is it erroneous to believe that a dominant autosomal trait will appear more often in a population than its recessive counterpart?

A bacterium containing functional frog DNA would be classified as this type of organism

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to do this.

A small amount of DNA obtained from a mummy or from frozen remains of a human may be cloned. In order to clone small amounts of DNA, this needs to be used to generate larger quantities of the DNA.

These are used to cleave DNA into fragments.

Put the following in order: 1. Recombinant DNA is transferred into a bacterial cell. 2. A specific gene is identified in a DNA sequence. 3. The DNA fragment is recombined into a vector. 4. The DNA fragment to be inserted is isolated.

Humans have 22 pairs of these type of chromosomes.

The Human Genome Project has involved sequencing and mapping the human genome. The most important benefit of this information has been the diagnosis of genetic disorders. Once a genetic disorder is diagnosed, this can be used as a possible treatment.

The effort to completely map and sequence the human genome resulted in knowing the sequence of the approximately this number of genes on the 46 human chromosomes.

This shows the relative location of genes on a chromosome.

what's the difference between polygenic traits and multiple alleles

half shaded

polygenic gives

what kind of inheritance

what type of inheritance is blood type

cystic and tay-sachs they are

most human genetic diseases are caused by

Dominant trait=

PKU

gene therapy

How does incomplete dominance differ from multiple alleles?

small ring found in a bacterial cell

DNA finger printing