Theory of Evolution – Flashcards
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the evolution of beak sizes in galapagos finches is a response to the
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types of seeds available
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according to darwin, evolution occurs by
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natural selection
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the interference that evolution occurs gradually over time is supported by
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many transitional forms in the fossil record
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the traits of individuals best adapted to survive become more common in
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each new generation because the adaptations responsible for those traits increase through natural selection
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natural selection causes plants and animals to
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produce more offspring than can survive
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the similarity in the body shape of a whale and of a fish is an example of
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convergent evolution
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which of the following must exist in a population in order for natural selection to act
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genetic variation, overproduction, and struggle for survival
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natural selection is the process by which organisms
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with traits well suited to the environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than other organisms
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modern evolutionary theory predicts all of the following except
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if species share a common ancestor, they will share all of the characteristics of that ancestor
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the bones labeled A-D are known as
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homologous structures
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the similarity of these structures suggests that the organisms
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have a common ancestor
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the scientist who proposed that individuals could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime was
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jean baptiste lamarck
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strong evidence for evolution comes from
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the fossil record
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structures that are reduced in size and have no function are called
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vestigial structures
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darwin theorized that natural selection is
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the mechanism of evolution, how modern species have come to exist, and the explanation for beak variation in finches
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evolution
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change of species over time by natural selection
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genetic variation
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the different traits that can be inherited within a population
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natural selection
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one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift
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convergent evolution
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different species evolve similar traits
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coevolution
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two or more species evolve adaptations to each others influence
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strata
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rock layers
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artificial selection
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the intentional breeding of plants or animals
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homologous structures
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bone that appears in different animals
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analogous structures
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that have similar form or function, but that were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups
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fossil
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trace or remains of ancient life
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darwin introduced evolution to the world in what book
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the origin of species by natural selection
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the process by which a population becomes better suited for its environment is known as
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adaptation
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what is an example of a vestigial structure in humans that is not a tailbone
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human appendix
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what happens to an organism that is best suited for its environment
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likely to survive, reproduce, and pass more of their genes on to the next generation
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examples of homologous structures
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the arm of a human, and the wing of a bird or bat
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examples of analogous structures
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wings of insects
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species that share a common ancestor
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have a few amino acid sequence differences
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when a species permanently disappears, the species said to be
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extinct
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the adaptation of bacteria to survive the effects of antibiotics is called
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resistance
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the fossil record provides evidence that
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older species gave rise to more-recent species
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what is an embryo?
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an organism in an early stage of development of plants and animals
