Lymphatic and Immune System LearnSmart – Flashcards
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Name the body system that functions to maintain fluid balance in the tissue, absorbs lipids, and protects the body against pathogens
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lymphatic
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main functions of the lymphatic system
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- fluid recovery from tissues
- immunity
- absorption of lipids
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define edema
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues
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The specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestines are the __
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lacteals
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The components of the lymphatic system are the lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymphatic nodes and lymphatic ___.
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organs
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The fluid contained in lymphatic vessels, which originates as tissue fluid is called ___
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lymph
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T/F: lymphatic capillaries are open-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells
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False
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Tissues which lack lymphatic vessels:
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- bone marrow
- cornea
- central nervous system
- cartilage
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Lymphatic cells called NK (natural killer) cells are classified as ___.
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lymphocytes
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Name the organ where T-cells mature ___.
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thymus
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Name the type of wbc that functions to produce antibodies.
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plasma cells
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Name the group of cells that phagocytize antigens and display antigenic fragments on their surface, allowing recognition by other cells of the immune system
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APC--> antigen- presenting cells
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monocytes that migrate to the tissue and function as phagocytes are called:
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macrophages
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name cell that is highly branched antigen-presenting cell found in the epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic tissues.
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dendritic cells
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distinct connective tissue capsules are found surrounding the lymphatic __.
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organs
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list 3 secondary lymphoid organs.
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1. tonsils
2. spleen
3. lymph nodes
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where is lymph found?
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in lymphatic vessels
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lymphatic capillaries:
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closed-ended vessels consisting of loosely overlapping endothelial cells
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List areas where lymphatic vessels are found.
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in most body tissues, except CNS, cartilage, cornea, bone, and bone marrow
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Name the lymphocyte that mediates humoral immune responses, differentiating into an antibody-producing plasma cell.
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B lymphocyte
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list cells that function as antigen presenting cells.
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- macrophages
- dendritic cells
- B cells
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The spleen and lymph nodes are classified as __ lymphatic organs
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secondary
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A cell that phagocytes an antigen and displays fragments of it on its surface is an ___.
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antigen-presenting cell (APC)
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order of lymphatic flow thru a lymph node
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1. afferent lymphatic vessel
2. sub capsular sinus of the cortex
3. sinuses of cortex and medulla
4. efferent lymphatic vessel
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Name the large lymphatic organ located near the diaphragm, stomach, and left kidney
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spleen
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Features of the tonsils
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- tonsilliar crypts
- lymphatic nodules
- an incomplete fibrous capsule
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Hematopoiesis occurs in the
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Red bone marrow
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A small organ found along the course of a lymphatic vessel that filters the lymph and functions as an activation site for B and T cells is called the ___ ___.
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lymph node
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flow of lymphatic fluid beginning with the blood capillaries
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1. blood capillaries (blood)
2. interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
3. lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
4. lymphatic vessels (lymph)
5. lymphatic ducts (lymph)
6. internal jugular and subclavian vein junction
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Cells that produce the stroma of lymphatic organs
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Reticular cells
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The thymus is considered part of several body systems. Name these.
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- lymphatic system
- immune system
- endocrine system
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The ___ are patches of lymphatic tissue located at the entrance to the pharynx, where they guard against ingested and inhaled pathogens
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tonsils
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Primary lymphoid organs
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- red bone marrow
- thymus
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primary lymphatic vessels
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- smooth muscle in vessel wall
- tunica interna present
- valves present
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Old and defective erythrocytes are removed from circulation in the __ of the spleen
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red pulp
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The __ cells of the thymus form the blood-thymus barrier and secrete signaling molecules contributing to T cell development
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reticular
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interstitial fluid becomes lymphatic fluid when it enters the:
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lymphatic capillaries
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Collecting vessels are formed by the uniting or convergence of several lymphatic ___
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capillaries
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Contribute to the flow of lymph:
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- respiratory pump
- skeletal muscle pump
- valves
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Lymphatic trunks converge to form the largest lymphatic vessels, called:
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collecting ducts
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Organ that is the site of T-cell maturation
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thymus
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A surgical procedure in which the spleen is removed is called a
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splenectomy
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T/F: A pathogen or a tissue transplant is an example of a host cell
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False- a host cell is any cell belonging to the human body, as opposed to foreign cells introduced to it by such causes as infections and tissue transplants
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A __ __ is an area within the lymph node and spleen where B cell proliferation, differentiation and activation occurs
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germinal center
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features of lymphatic vessels
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- tunica interna present
- valves present
- smooth muscle in vessel wall
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Name the collecting duct that drains lymph from the head, the R arm, and the R side of the thorax
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R lymphatic duct
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Germinal center, areas of B cell multiplication and differentiation, are located in the ___ of the lymph node.
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cortex
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A lymphatic vessel that carries lymph away from a lymph node is called an __ vessel
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efferent
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list primary lymphoid organs
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- thymus
- red bone marrow
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the largest type of lymphatic vessel, which drains lymph into the subclavian veins, is called a ___.
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collecting duct
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Lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to:
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veins
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Which factors cause or contribute to the flow of lymph?
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- valves
- skeletal muscle pump
- the respiratory pump
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Mucosal associated lymphatic tissues (MALT) are:
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aggregates of lymphatic tissue scattered throughout the lamina propria of mucous membranes
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duct that drains lymph from the body below the diaphragm, the upper limb and the left side of the head neck and thorax
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thoracic duct
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The ___ pulp is the portion of the spleen surrounding the splenic artery, which consists of lymphocytes and macrophages monitoring for blood-borne pathogens
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white
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The cisterna chyli, which denotes the beginning of the thoracic trunk, is formed by the convergence of which lymphatic trunks?
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- lumbar
- intestinal
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The cortex of the lymph node contains:
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germinal centers
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T/F: Lymph is propelled through the lymphatic system by the rhythmic contractions of the heart
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False
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Reticular cells in the thymus secrete several signaling molecules.
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- interferon
- interleukins
- thymopoietin
- thymosin
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What are signaling molecules produced by the reticular epithelial cells that promote the growth and differentiation of T cells?
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- interferon
- interleukins
- thymosin
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In the thymus, reticular cells form the:
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blood-thymus barrier
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T/F: Interleukins function as signaling molecules, affecting the growth and differentiation of various white blood cells and other lymphatic cells.
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True
