Myocardial Infarction – Flashcards

tissue death

The development of ischemia with resultant necrosis of the myocardium caused from prolonged obstruction of the coronary arteries depriving the heart muscle of oxygen

reduces acidity

between thanksgiving and new years because of all of the stress

sudden thrombotic occulusion of a coronary artery

at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque that has become unstable due to a combination of ulceration, fissuring and rupture.

blood clot composed of platelets

left ventricle is infarcted

MI

ischemia and angina

coronary atherosclerosis.

embolus

thrombus

atherosclerotic lesion, thus obstructing blood flow to the myocardial tissues.

coronary thrombus

thrombus/embolus

inflammatory reaction, edema, platelet aggregation, necrosis

2 large coronary arteries and their branches

Left ventricle

region of ischemic damage Ischemia and reperfusion injury is accompanied by an inflammatory response

zone of hypoxic injury

Zone of Ischemia

anterior, septal, lateral, posterior, or inferior walls of the left ventricle.

extent or severity of the ischemic episode, size of vessel, amount of circulation, vascular tone, metabolic demands of the myocardium

transmural infarction is small, difficulty in moving

damage to the myocardial tissue is more extensive, very difficult for heart to pump (without motion)

an infarction process that has resulted in necrosis of the tissue in all the layers of the myocardium.

left arm pain, pressure in chest(crushing pain), radiation to arm, throat, neck, back, SOB, sweating

30 minutes to an hour

SOB (middle of the night), Chronic, unexplained fatigue, pain in various regions of the body(sometimes thought of as muscular pain)

Arrhythmias, CHF, Cardiogenic shock, Rupture of the heart, Pericarditis

ischemia, electrolyte imbalance, autonomic imbalance, drug toxicity, altered conductance pathway

Heart shutting down

Interventricular septum

swelling of the pericaridum

- Acute MI (1-2 days prior without MD approval - Unstable angina ECG with new abnormalities - Signs/symptoms of MI - Oxygen saturation of <85% - Recent PE or thromboembolism - Uncontrolled diabetes

Reestablish the flow of blood

- gentle movements - breathing/coughing exercise

recurrent ischemia & recurrent infarction

- Left ventricular free wall rupture - Ventricular septal rupture - Papillary muscle rupture with acute mitral regurgitation

heart (AV valves)

-diastolic dysfunction -Systolic dysfunction -Congestive heart failure -Hypotension/cardiogenic shock -Right ventricular infarction -Ventricular cavity dilation -Aneurysm formation (true, false)

heart cant fill properly

heart cant pump properly

-Pericarditis -Dressler's syndrome -Pericardial effusion

-Mural thrombosis -Systemic thromboembolism -Deep venous thrombosis -Pulmonary embolism

-Ventricular tachycardia -Ventricular fibrillation -Supraventricular tachydysrhythmias -Bradydysrhythmias -Atrioventricular block (first, second, or third degree)

30 BPM

yes, keeps us from bleeding out

Inhibit the function of platelets

Aspirin

inhibits the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes

Control the function and synthesis of clotting factors (thrombin).

prevents thrombi (must be injected)

Facilitate the breakdown of clots that have already formed. Activate an endogenous enzyme that breaks down clots.

coronary thrombi by converting plasminogen to plasmin.

3 hours after the onset of symptoms.

■ Previous hemorrhagic stroke at any time; other stokes or cerebrovascular events within 1 year ■ Known intracranial neoplasm ■ Active internal bleeding (does not include menses) ■ Suspected aortic dissection

hemorrhagic and ischemic

blood vessel burst

vasoconstriction

reduce sympathetic flow(decreased BP)

slow down heart contractions and muscular contractions