Biology Final Review 1 – Flashcards

Mendel prevented self-pollination of his plants by

The "father" of genetics was

Mendel obtained his P generation by allowing the plants to

What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype

True-breeding pea plants always

The first filial (F1) generation is the result of

Which of the following is the designation for Mendel's original pure strains of plants?

F2 : F1 ::

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called

A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called

homozygous : heterozygous ::

Mendel's finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another became known as the

To describe how traits can disappear and reappear in a certain pattern from generation to generation, Mendel proposed

The law of segregation explains that

When Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two characteristics, such as flower color and plant height,

The phenotype of an organism

If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be

An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are crossed and produce many offspring. These offspring are likely to be

Tallness (T) is dominant over shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of the following represents the genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?

Refer to the illustration in Question 20. The genotype represented in box 1 in the Punnett square would

Refer to the illustration above. The genotype in box 3 of the Punnett square is

A trait that occurs in 450 individuals out of a total of 1,800 individuals occurs with a probability of

How many different phenotypes can be produced by a pair of codominant alleles?

Refer to the illustration above question 24. The phenotype represented by box 1 is

Refer to the illustration above question 24. The genotype represented by box 2 is

2,000 yellow seeds : 8,000 total seeds ::

Refer to the illustration above question 27. The device shown, which is used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses, is called a

Refer to the illustration above question 27. Both of the parents in the cross are

Refer to the illustration above 27. The phenotype of the offspring indicated by box 3 would be

Refer to the illustration above 27. The genotypic ratio of the F1 generation would be

What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant ´ heterozygous monohybrid cross?

What fraction of the offspring resulting from a heterozygous ´ heterozygous dihybrid cross are homozygous recessive for both traits?

What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous ´ heterozygous monohybrid cross?

What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant ´ heterozygous monohybrid cross?

efer to the illustration above 35. The phenotype represented by box 1 is

Refer to the illustration above 35. The genotype represented by box 2 is

Refer to the illustration above 35. Which of the following boxes represents the same phenotype as box 7?

An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called

In pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds. What would be the expected genotype ratio in a cross between a plant with green seeds and a plant that is heterozygous for seed color?

codominance : both traits are displayed ::

The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that

What fraction of the offspring resulting from a heterozygous ´ heterozygous dihybrid cross are heterozygous for both traits?

A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called

Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of

The primary function of DNA is to

All of the following are true about the structure of DNA except

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

A nucleotide consists of

The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the

Refer to the illustration above 51. The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)

Purines and pyrimidines are

The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are

X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that

Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that

Chargaff's rules, the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA

The base-pairing rules state that the following are base pairs in DNA:

ATTG : TAAC ::

The addition of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA

Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?

During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be

The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are

The function of tRNA is to

Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions for making proteins?

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA

Which of the following is not found in DNA?

RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom, and the base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base called

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to

Refer to the illustration above 69. Which of the following is the series of amino acids encoded by the piece of mRNA shown above?

Refer to the illustration above 69. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand was made?

Refer to the illustration above 69. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA in the diagram are

During translation, a ribosome binds to

Suppose that you are given a polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given in the table below 73 to determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide sequence

Each of the following is a type of RNA except

In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the

During transcription

Transcription proceeds when RNA polymerase

Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)

The human genome contains

During translation, the amino acid detaches from the transfer RNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain when

The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, which Frederick Griffith studied, is called

Oswald Avery showed that

In their experiments, Hershey and Chase used

An error in DNA replication can cause

The X and Y chromosomes are called the

Down syndrome : nondisjunction ::

female : XX ::

WHAT DOES THIS DESCRIBE??? A female could get the disease only by having a mother who is a carrier and a father who has the disease. Since most males with the disease do not survive to reproductive age, this is an extremely unlikely event.

In a mating between two parental types, one of which is homozygous dominant for two linked traits and one of which is homozygous recessive for the same two linked traits, evidence of crossing-over would be apparent in which of the following generations?

Which of the following is not true of chromosome maps?

A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called

A change in a gene due to damage or incorrect copying is called a

The effects of a mutation can be

A diagram in which several generations of a family and the occurrence of certain genetic characteristics are shown is called a

A family record that indicates the occurrence of a trait is a

Which of the following traits is controlled by multiple alleles in humans?

What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the other?

In humans, the risks of passing on a genetic disorder to one's children can be assessed by

What - helps identify parents at risk for having children with genetic defects -assists parents in deciding whether or not to have children - uses a family pedigree

While studying several generations of a particular family, a geneticist observed that a certain disease was found equally in males and females and that all children who had the disease had parents who also had the disease. The gene coding for this disease is probably

If both parents carry the recessive allele that causes cystic fibrosis, the chance that their child will develop the disease is

If a characteristic is sex-linked, it

Since the allele for colorblindness is located on the X chromosome, colorblindness

People with Down syndrome have how many chromosomes?

The sex of an offspring is determined by who?

If a gamete will receive too many or too few copies of a chromosome, what occurs?

Consider a cross between a homozygous white-eyed female Drosophila and a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring would be expected to be white-eyed? What proportion of the male offspring would be expected to be white-eyed?